Bad teeth can be painful and even be deadly. Infections of the gums(牙齦) and teeth can release bacteria into the blood system. Those bacteria can increase the chance of a heart attack or stroke and worsen the effects of other diseases. And adults are not the only ones at risk. For example, a 12­year­old boy died when a tooth infection spread to his brain in 2007 in Washington. Experts said it might have been prevented had he received the dental care he needed.
Experts say good dental care starts at birth. Breast milk, they say, is the best food for the healthy development of teeth. Breast milk can help slow bacterial growth and acid production in the mouth. But dentists say a baby's gums and early teeth should be cleaned after each feeding by using a cloth with a little warm water. Experts say if you decide to put your baby to sleep with a bottle, give only water.
When baby teeth begin to appear, you can clean them with a wet toothbrush. Dentists say it is important to find soft toothbrushes made especially for babies and to use them very gently. The use of fluoride(氟化物) to protect teeth is common in many parts of the world. For example, it is often added to drinking water supplies. The fluoride mixes with enamel(釉質(zhì)), the hard surface on teeth, to help prevent holes from forming.
But young children often swallow toothpaste when they brush their teeth. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry notes that swallowing fluoridated toothpaste can cause problems. So young children should be carefully watched when they brush their teeth. And only a small amount of fluoridated toothpaste, the size of a pea, should be used.
Parents often wonder what effect finger sucking might have on their baby's teeth. Dental experts generally agree that this is fine early in life. Most children stop sucking their fingers by the age of four. If it continues, experts advise parents to talk to their children's dentists or doctors. Because it could interfere_with the correct development of permanent teeth.
Dentists say children should have their first dental visit at least by the time they are one year old. They say babies should be examined when their first teeth appear—usually at around six months.
【小題1】According to the passage，what is the function of fluoride?

A．Making the surface on teeth much cleaner.

B．Protecting gums from being infected.

C．Keeping holes on teeth from forming.

D．Slowing down bacterial growth and acid production.

【小題2】The underlined phrase “interfere with” in Para.5 probably means “________”．

A．do harm to	B．a(chǎn)ccount for
C．contribute to	D．stand for

【小題3】What is the purpose of the author in writing the passage?

A．To warn us of the deadly infections of gums and teeth.

B．To introduce the advantages of fluoridated toothpaste.

C．To draw our attention to the dental care of young children.

D．To present the research results about dental care.

The Healthy Habits Survey(調(diào)查) shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits.Here are some findings and expert advice.

1．How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday? ·Finding：A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day. ·Step：Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery­operated toothbrush.Brush gently for 2 minutes at least twice a day. 2．How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday? ·Finding：Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week.And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day—half of the number doctors recommend. ·Step：We touch our faces around 3,000 times a day—often inviting germs(病菌) to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes.Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle.And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds. 3．How often do you think about fighting germs? ·Finding：Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should. ·Step：Be aware of germs.Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海綿) that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.

【小題1】What is found out about American seniors?

A．Most of them have good habits.

B．Nearly 30% of them bathe three days a week.

C．All of them are fighting germs better than expected.

D．About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day.

【小題2】Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands ________.

A．twice a day	B．three times a day
C．four times a day	D．eight times a day

【小題3】Which of the following is true according to the text?

A．We should keep from touching our faces.

B．There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth.

C．A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.

D．We should wash our hands before touching a door handle.

【小題4】The text probably comes from ________.

A．a(chǎn) guide book	B．a(chǎn) popular magazine
C．a(chǎn) book review	D．a(chǎn)n official document

Modern science suggests that a healthy lifestyle matters much to how long you can live and how well you live. Here are some tips for you to form a healthy lifestyle.
Keep a scientific diet. Keep in mind that sugar can be removed from our diet completely. Over intake of sugar is one of the main reasons for getting fat. Over intake of protein or fat and low intake of fiber can also lead to getting fat. We need only a few grams of protein every day to keep our body in order. Like rain to crops, not the more the better. 
Be always in a good mood. There is a relation- ship between the mood and health. A good mood keeps you in high spirits. Thanks to the internet, we can enjoy and learn much without going out. Take a look at some online shops and pick up some bargains, enjoy music and movies and chat with some good friends. Just keep happy. 
Enough sleep. Two studies show the reasons why teens and adults don’t have enough sleep. With teens, a major reason is mobile phone use; with adults, it’s work. Meanwhile, a third study of young children shows that a lack of sleep in early life may lead to serious problems in future. Everyone needs at least 8-hour sleep to recover from tiredness and the hurt caused by hard work in the daytime. 
Proper exercise. Do exercise to keep away from fatness. Because of the quick pace of modern life, you don’t have time to do exercise every day, but at least three times a week and 45 minutes each time. 
【小題1】The author wrote the passage to _____. 

A．tell the readers how to take proper exercise every day

B．provide some advice on how to form a healthy lifestyle

C．a(chǎn)sk people to care about their health rather than their work

D．make some surveys among those who have health problems

【小題2】 Which of the following can lead to getting fat according to the passage? 

A．low intake of protein.	B．low intake of fat.
C．over intake of fiber.	D．over intake of sugar.

【小題3】 The main reason why teenagers don’t have enough sleep is that they _____.

A．use mobile phones too much

B．have too much homework

C．eat too much sugar every day

D．don’t have enough exercise

【小題4】 How many minutes do you need to do exercise at least every week?    

A．45 minutes.	B．90 minutes.
C．115 minutes.	D．135 minutes.

Comera is the only place in the world which has a whistle(口哨)language. We do not know how and why it began because we do not know the complete history of the island. But we can certainly imagine the reasons for the beginning of the whistle language. There are many deep valleys on the island. A person on one side of valley cannot easily shout to a person on the other side. But he can whistle and be heard from four miles away, and the record is seven miles. The people who live on the island usually have good teeth, and this helps them to whistle well. They must also have good ears so that they can hear other whistlers.
We can understand why the whistle language continues. It is very useful on the island, and quite easy to learn. When somebody is hurt or ill, the whistle language takes the place of the telephone. If the sick person is a long way from the town, boys and men pass the news from one to another. A boy guarding cattle on a hillside whistles to a man fishing from his boat. The last one is able to describe the trouble fully and exactly to the doctor in town. People help each other in the same way when a car breaks or a cow is lost.
The whistle language is hundreds of years old, and probably it will continue to live for hundreds of years more. Radio and TV often kill the special ways of speaking in the different parts of a country. But on Comera island you are nobody if you cannot whistle. Perhaps soon after TV arrives on the island, the people there will be whistling the news and other facts and opinions.
【小題1】If a person on Comera island is ill, 　　　.

A．others will phone the doctor in town

B．the whistle language will pass the news to the doctor

C．his family will take him to the doctor

D．people will take him to the hospital

【小題2】 From the passage we know radio and TV　　　at that time.

A．killed the special ways of speaking

B．whistled all the news and opinions

C．helped Comera people to communicate

D．did not appear on Comera island yet

【小題3】 Comera island is special in that　　　.

A．it attracts visitors every year

B．no visitors have ever been there

C．people there have special ears to hear whistles

D．people there use the whistle language to communicate with each other

【小題4】 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A．It is not easy for a person to live on Comera island if he cannot whistle.

B．The whistle language can only be found on Comera island.

C．The whistle language has been used for hundreds of years on the island, but will not be used any longer.

D．The record shows that one best whistler can be heard by others seven miles away.

Although considered an excellent exercise, jumping rope has never received widespread acceptance because of two reasons. First, most people recognize jumping rope as an excellent form of cardiovascular(心血管的)exercise, but they also believe that it is simply too difficult. In other words, they don’t think they’ll be able to continue jumping for the near 20 minutes in order to achieve a beneficial physical effect. Second, many regard it as somewhat boring and overly repetitive(重復(fù)乏味的)—not as something fun or enjoyable.
As a matter of fact, jumping rope can be great fun as long as you find a proper way to practise it. Instead of doing the usual two-foot bounce(跳)over and over again, players good at rope-jumping often change their pattern every 10 or 20 jumps: a single bounce, a double-bounce, a skip, a knee-up, side swings, as well as a variety of other easy-to-learn free-style rope-jumping.
Nowadays researchers are discovering that jumping rope also prepares the brain for learning. It is an exercise allowing both brain hemispheres(半球)to perform equally to each other.
In short, jumping rope can be a life-long activity requiring little equipment, time and space, yet leading to a much healthier life.
【小題1】 One reason that can explain why rope-jumping has not spread widely is that
　　　.

A．it benefits the cardiovascular system

B．it is too difficult for people to learn to jump

C．it is believed to be boring and repetitive

D．it requires little equipment, time and space

【小題2】 The first sentence in Paragraph 2 means that　　　in rope-jumping.

A．there is only one proper way to follow

B．the usual way should not be used again

C．the easiest way is always the best one

D．there are different kinds of ways to follow

【小題3】According to the researchers, jumping rope　　　.

A．only prepares the brain for learning

B．is suitable for students only

C．helps both brain hemispheres work together

D．can be dangerous for old people

【小題4】What does the writer think of rope-jumping?

A．He is strongly against it.

B．He is for it.

C．The passage doesn’t mention it.

D．He knows little about it.

Losing weight comes with a lot of health benefits—including making your brain sharper.
Yes, it turns out that overweight may damage cognitive functions (認(rèn)知功能) such as memory and attention. There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning, possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance. Losing weight, therefore, may help improve these mental functions, according to a new research led by John Gunstad, assistant professor of psychology at Kent State University.
Growing evidence suggests that being fat is linked to cognitive deficits (缺陷). So Gunstad and his team guessed that losing weight might improve mental function. For their study, they measured memory and attention in a group of 150 overweight participants, some of whom had some kind of operation for weight loss and some did not. All of the volunteers completed mental skills tests to assess their abilities of memory and attention at the beginning of the study, and again 12 weeks later. To begin with, about 24% of the patients showed damaged learning and 23% showed signs of poor memory when tested. At the end of the study, those who had lost weight after operation improved their scores into the average or above average range for cognitive functions. Scores for the volunteers who didn’t lose weight dropped even further.
The study helped Gunstad to find out whether losing weight had any effect on mental function. Now that he’s seen the positive effect that weight loss can have on memory and attention, he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way—eating healthier and getting more active. He expects that losing weight in this way will have a similarly positive effect on the brain. “If we can improve the condition with operations, then we can probably produce the same change with behavioral weight loss as well,” he says.
【小題1】There is less research on overweight and cognitive functions because researchers _____.

A．believe overweight only affects our body

B．have focused on ways to sharpen people’s mind

C．do not consider overweight a main cause for low cognitive ability

D．a(chǎn)re clear about the relation between weight and mental functions

【小題2】The result of Gunstad’s study shows that ______.

A．losing weight has little effect on people’s memory

B．losing weight can improve people’s mental functions

C．overweight people are likely to have psychology problems

D．overweight people’s abilities of concentration differ greatly

【小題3】What is Gunstad planning to prove next in his research?

A．Slim people are smarter than overweight people.

B．Healthy diet is better than exercise in losing weight.

C．Traditional ways of losing weight are better than operation.

D．Overweight people will get smarter by taking more exercise.

【小題4】Which of the following is the best title for th e text?

A．Body Weight and Health

B．Losing Weight by Operation

C．Ways to Improve Mental Functions

D．Losing Weight to S harpen Your MindD

Different exercise types have different purposes and different benefits. One type of exercise may not accomplish all goals of being physically fit: a healthy heart, strong muscles and bones, and safety from injury. As a result, it is important to do enough types of exercise to have all the physical benefits. Here is a quick check sheet.
Aerobic Exercise: To have a strong and healthy heart, you need to do aerobic exercise. This means that you need to exercise yourself enough so that your heart rate, while exercising, is 65 percent to 85 percent of your maximum heart rate. If you don’t get your heart rate up within this level—you just aren’t working hard enough. Whatever you do, your heart rate needs to be 65 percent to 85 percent of your MHR for 20 to 30 minutes, at least 3 times a week. Typical types include:
* Running
* Walking (at least 4 to 4.5 mph)
* Swimming
* Bikingk3s5u
* Elliptical Training
* Yoga
Strength Training: To keep your muscles and bones strong, you need to do strength training. This comes in a variety of forms. Whatever you do, however, you need to train your muscles enough so that they are really tired by the end of each session. To see real benefits, make sure you are strength training 2 to 3 times a week for about 30 to 40 minutes. Typical types of strength training include:
* Weight Training
* Yoga
* Resistance Training
* Plyometrics
Flexibility Training: To keep your body flexible, reducing risk of injuries and pain in your joints and muscles, you need to do flexibility training. You should always aim to stretch every muscle after any exercise routine. Typical types of flexibility training include:
* Stretching
* Yoga
* Pilates
So next time you think that yoga 5 times a week will be enough, think about what it is really doing. Is it getting your heart rate up? Are you making up your strength? Are you keeping your muscles flexible?
【小題1】If your purpose is to _______, you can choose swimming as your exercise form.

A．keep muscles and bones strong

B．build a strong and healthy heart

C．keep body flexible

D．reduce risk of injuries and pain in joints and muscles

【小題2】After reading this passage, we know that ________.

A．Yoga is really better for people than running

B．The three kinds of training have links with one another

C．Flexibility training helps you build up your muscles

D．The more exercise you do, the better

【小題3】Which of the following is closest in meaning to “session” in Paragraph 3?

A．meeting

B．gathering

C．term

D．period

【小題4】The paragraph following this article may discuss_______.

A．how to build up our strength

B．how to choose an exercise type

C．how to find a good workout dealing with two or three of these goals

D．how to be more flexible

Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.
Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda（大熊貓）eats only one particular type of bamboo（竹子）. Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly（蝴蝶）will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet（多樣化飲食）. The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.
Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life.
【小題1】We can infer from the text that humans and animals _________.

A．depend on one sense in choosing food

B．a(chǎn)re not satisfied with their food

C．choose food in similar ways

D．eat entirely different food

【小題2】Which of the following eats only one type of food?

A．The white butterfly.	B．The small bird.
C．The bear.	D．The fox.

【小題3】Certain animals change their choice of food when ___________.

A．the season changes

B．the food color changes

C．they move to different places

D．they are attracted by different smells

【小題4】We can learn from the last paragraph that __________.

A．food is chosen for a good reason

B．French and British food is good

C．some people have few choices of food

D．some people care little about healthy diet

Travel is fun and exciting, but it’s not if you get sick. You may think, “Not me, I won’t get sick in my holiday.” But, for many people, that is what happens.
Of course you don’t want to spend your holiday sick in bed. So what can you do to stay in good health? There are three things you should remember when you travel: relax, sleep, and eat well.
A holiday must be a time for relaxing. But very often it is not. Think about what you do when you are a traveller. There are many places to visit: museums, shops, parks, churches. You may spend most days walking around these places. This can be very tiring. You may have a terrible headache after a few hours. If this is the way you feel, you should take a rest. Don’t ask your body to do too much. A tired body means a weak body. And a weak body gets sick easily. So sit down for a few hours in a nice place. In good weather, look for a quiet park bench(石凳). Or you can stop at a cafe. You can learn a lot by watching people while you rest.
Sleep is also important. If you want to stay healthy, you need to get enough sleep. You may have trouble sleeping at night when you travel. There may be too many noises in your hotel or the bed may be uncomfortable. If this is true, don’t be afraid to change rooms or hotels. Or you may get enough sleep for another reason. You may want to stay out late at night. In many cities, the nightlife can be very exciting. Then you should plan to sleep for an hour during the day. The extra(額外) hour can make a big difference。
Finally, if you want to stay healthy, you must eat the right kinds of foods but you need to be careful about how much you eat. Lots of food is not good for you.
So, remember this, if you want to enjoy your holiday, take care of yourself. Give your body some rest. Get enough sleep and eat good, healthy food.
【小題1】This passage is about ______

A．how to stay healthy when you travel

B．how exciting travel is

C．relaxing when you travel

D．what you eat when you travel

【小題2】Travel is ______

A．the best way to relax	B．very tiring
C．never any fun	D．unhealthy

【小題3】Your body needs sleep to_____

A．enjoy the nightlife	B．stay strong and healthy
C．change hotels	D．learn a lot about a new place.

【小題4】Why can you have a terrible headache while visiting these places?

A．Because you don’t like these places

B．Because some place makes you feel headache

C．Because you feel boring to visit these places.

D．Because there are so many places to visit.

【小題5】You can change your rooms or hotels, if______.

A．you want to stay out late at night

B．you want to eat different food

C．your hotel is noisy

D．you can’t get on well with the manager in the hotel

After moving to the United States, immigrant groups trying to fit in tend to choose high-calorie, fatty foods in an attempt to appear more American, a new study finds. That's one reason why immigrants approach U.S. levels of obesity within 15 years of moving to America.
The researchers also did an experiment that measured whether or not the threat of appearing un-American influenced respondents' food choices．After being questioned about their ability to speak English，75 percent of Asian-Americans identified a typical American food as their favorite. Only 25 percent of Asian-Americans who had not been asked if they spoke English did the same.
When their American identity was called into question during a follow-up study, Asian-American participants also tended to choose typical American dishes, such as hamburgers and grilled cheese sandwiches, over more Asian fare. In that experiment, 55 Asian-Americans were asked to choose a meal from a local Asian or American restaurant. Some participants were told that only Americans could participate in the study. Those who chose the more typical American fare ended up consuming an extra 182 calories, including 12 grams of fat and seven grams of saturated fat(飽和脂肪).
"People who feel like they need to prove they belong in a culture will change their habits in an attempt to fit in," said Sapna Cheryan, an author of the study and assistant professor of psychology at the University of Washington. "If immigrants and their children choose unhealthy American foods over healthier traditional foods across their lives, this process of fitting in could lead to poorer health," Cheryan added.
Social pressures, the study concluded, are at the heart of the problem. "In American society today, being American is associated with being white. Americans who don't fit this image even if they were born here and speak English feel that pressure to prove that they're American," said Cheryan.
【小題1】According to the survey, _____.

A．Asia-Americans care less about their health.

B．25 percent of Americans like junk food.

C．choosing food is related to Asian-American’s situation

D．immigrants are forced to eat junk food.

【小題2】The underlined word “fare” in Paragraph 3 most probably means “_____”

A．food offered as a meal	B．a(chǎn) person taking a taxi
C．money spent on food	D．a(chǎn)n arranged thing to do

【小題3】According to Sauna Cheryan, ________.

A．what immigrants have done is ridiculous

B．American traditional foods are healthier

C．immigrants risk their health in order to fit in

D．American culture affects immigrants deeply

【小題4】Which of the following should take the blame for the bad eating habit?

A．The situation of employment	B．The traditional culture
C．The American government	D．The pressures from society