高考作文論據(jù)材料處理秘訣（五）
4.考試時一時找不到典型事例怎么辦？
⑵就地取材法。
①運用作文題目所給材料。
如果是供料作文，材料一定要運用。如果是話題作文，材料可用可不用。如果一時想不起適當?shù)牟牧�，話題作文也可以利用題目的材料。但無論是供料作文，還是話題作文，都切忌照抄原材料的故事，引用故事應(yīng)該做到長話短說，或者在概述時某些地方添上自己的評論和合理想象。只有這樣，才能體現(xiàn)你的創(chuàng)造性勞動的價值。介紹幾種具體方法：
Ⅰ、概述故事＋議論評析＋反面或側(cè)面假設(shè)情況＋推出結(jié)果并且評析。
Ⅱ、概述故事＋兩三句描寫＋議論評析＋聯(lián)想敘寫生活小事＋比喻或?qū)ε甲h論。
Ⅲ、概述故事＋兩三句描寫＋就事論事，借題發(fā)揮＋得出真義＋聯(lián)想排比概述生活小事。
【例】
樹根的遐想
深山里有些古樹老根，被人刨出棄置一旁。這些根奇形怪狀，沒有引起過客青睞，也不被樵夫拾取，靜靜地與野草為伴。一個木匠來到山里，看了看老根搖搖頭走了；一個根雕藝術(shù)家也到山里，一見老根，兩眼放光，相見恨晚。后來這些樹根成了根雕藝術(shù)品，被人視為至寶，與金玉共登大雅之堂。
木匠的眼里，這些樹根毫無作用，它既非棟梁之材，又難打成家具；何況它丑陋殘缺，渾身疙瘩，還被蚊蟲叮咬，當然棄之猶恐不及！
然而，根雕藝術(shù)家卻“慧眼識英才”。你看，老根苦心所支撐的與其息息相關(guān)的大樹早已不復(fù)存在，只剩下它孤獨地在地下歷時百千年，又被拋棄于深山。但是它風吹雨打不爛，雷轟電擊不焦，鳥琢蟲蝕不腐，它是生命的精華，它象征一種精神，一段歷史！智慧的藝術(shù)家在老根的身上，不但感受到彎弓緊繃的力量，盤龍騰云的氣勢；還看到伏爾加河纖夫拉著駁船形象：他皮膚黑紅，肌肉隆起，前腿弓步，后腿繃直，兩臂緊拉纖繩、彎腰低頭、用力拉纖，向前邁進，拉動了巨輪，拉動了歷史！于是老根在藝術(shù)家手中成了天人合一的珍品！
讓我們作一設(shè)想，假如在藝術(shù)家之前，文學家也為采風來到深山。面對老根，他會做什么？他會思接千載，視通百年，也看到一段歷史：老根，它扎入地下，匯聚力量，沖破堅土，擊退頑石，伸展根須，汲取精華，輸給大樹。為了讓人贊美碩果的香甜，繁花的絢麗，綠冠的龐大和老干的遒勁，它無怨無悔，不見天日，一頭深入地底下……于是，文學家文思泉涌，回身不顧，去揮筆書寫根的贊歌，而老根仍靜臥林中，等待出山之日！
當然，木匠用“實用”標準衡量木頭的價值，藝術(shù)家和文學家用審美觀點讀出根的價值；根雕藝術(shù)家把思想鑄為利刃，雕刻精品；文學家將靈感凝聚筆端，給老根“精神鼓勵”：他們各司其職，理當如此，無可厚非。
然而可悲的是，在我們現(xiàn)實生活中，卻有不是“木匠”的“人匠”，他們看學生只看成績不重思想，擇配偶只選錢財不看人品；辦事只問報酬不講服務(wù)，經(jīng)商只追利潤不論產(chǎn)品。也有一些貌似“文學家”的“人學家”，他們對默默奉獻的人才口頭贊許卻不以為伍，表面認同卻不予重用。更有一些并非游客的“政客”，他們以貌取人，任人唯親，排斥“木頭木腦”而不見風使舵、阿諛奉迎的人才。他們把“實用”的標準推到極端，推向?qū)嵱弥髁x、個人主義的深淵！
警惕啊，人們！只講“實用”，光重表面，會使“材”將“不材”，“材”將“非材”！
眼觀手不動的人們行動起來吧，學習根雕藝術(shù)家，發(fā)現(xiàn)人材，重塑人材，讓我們社會主義的偉大事業(yè)人材濟濟，群英薈萃！
旁 批
引述材料。用對偶和描寫加工原材料。加強對比，強調(diào)識別人才的重要。
議論，從現(xiàn)象分析原因。
借題發(fā)揮。
敘議結(jié)合，用排比和對偶增強氣勢。贊美“人才”的優(yōu)秀和識英才者的睿智。
從反面假設(shè)，諷刺口頭重視人才卻不重用人才的現(xiàn)象。
對偶和排比，整散結(jié)合，再贊人才。
聯(lián)系實際，評論分析。
排比和對偶簡要例舉生活現(xiàn)象。
點明題旨，
結(jié)論，指出應(yīng)該怎么辦。
【說明】
這篇作文是根據(jù)2004年天津高考作文題的要求寫的�？碱}題目如下：
有一個木匠到山里選木材，看到一些奇形怪狀的樹根，覺得沒用就走了。后有一位根雕藝術(shù)家發(fā)現(xiàn)這些樹根后，如獲至寶，將這些樹根雕成了非常有價值的藝術(shù)品。
這則材料會使人產(chǎn)生許多聯(lián)想，請你結(jié)合生活實際，以“材與非材”為話題，寫一篇文章。題目自擬，不少于800字。
Ⅲ、寫小事引出比喻義＋概述題目材料的故事＋用比喻義評論事物＋用比喻義概述其他熟悉的事例。
【例】
走進眼鏡店，有色眼鏡，琳瑯滿目：濃墨、墨綠、淺橙、深棕……選一架？戴上濃墨，黑云壓頂；佩上墨綠，置身莽林；架上淺橙，風揚沙塵；扣上深棕，滿眼咖啡……摘下來，哦，原來晴空萬里，世界是這樣本色。
走出眼鏡店，我生出許多聯(lián)想……
想到了天雨墻壞的宋國人，他戴著蔚藍色眼鏡看兒子，看出了預(yù)見的智慧，因為那是家人，上陣還要父子兵呢！戴起蛇綠色眼鏡看鄰人，看出了狡詐和邪惡，因為那是外人，防人之心不可無呀！想到了道光皇帝罷黜林則徐，禁煙條陳再好，他畢竟是漢員，戴上青冷近視鏡，不可信�。＄圃儆孤禑o能，奸佞貪婪賣國，可終究是一家人，戴上粉紅老花鏡，不用他用誰？想到了日韓世界杯，全體韓國公民，包括總統(tǒng)金大鐘，他們都怎么了？面對不公正的裁判帶給韓國隊的勝利，起立歡呼，民族情結(jié)也可以異化成有色眼鏡嗎？在這里，我只想講一個突然想起的小故事……
（2003年高考滿分作文《有色眼鏡引發(fā)的聯(lián)想》）
②運用試卷現(xiàn)代文閱讀或文言文閱讀材料法。
主要有以下幾個形式：
A 提取一個詳寫的論據(jù)：概述試卷閱讀文段的主要人物、主要事件和結(jié)果＋議論分析。
B 提取兩個詳寫論據(jù)：
Ⅰ、論據(jù)一：概述文段的主要人物、主要事件和結(jié)果＋議論分析。――證明分論點一。
論據(jù)二：選取其中重要部分＋一兩句描寫＋議論分析。――證明分論點二。
Ⅱ、論據(jù)一：概述文段的主要人物、事件、結(jié)果＋議論分析――證明分論點一。
論據(jù)二：概述文段的次要人物、事件、結(jié)果＋議論分析。――證明分論點二。
Ⅲ、論據(jù)一：概述文段的主要人物、一件事、結(jié)果＋議論分析。――證明分論點一。
論據(jù)二：概述文段的主要人物、另一件事、結(jié)果＋議論分析。――證明分論點二。
C 用排比或?qū)ε挤謩e概述主要人物的幾件事作為略寫事例論據(jù)。
取材于考卷閱讀材料的做法，其實與提取課內(nèi)材料一樣，可以用縮寫法，也可以用提取部分內(nèi)容擴寫法。寫時要加議論分析，切忌大段照抄原文。
【訓練示例】
以下作文試題和文言文閱讀文段同出于2003年春季高考北京試卷，請根據(jù)考題后的要求作訓練題。
Ⅰ、作文試題：
閱讀下面文字，按要求作文
水，滋潤萬物，是生命之源；暴雨傾盆，江河泛濫，也會帶來災(zāi)難。水，看似柔弱，卻能把堅石滴穿；匯成洪流，更可穿峽破谷，一往無前。
水，演繹出多少可歌可泣的故事，流淌著古往今來多少悲歡。
……
請以"水的聯(lián)想"為題，寫一篇文章。除詩歌外，文體自選，不少于800字。
Ⅱ、文言文試題：
齊有北郭騷者，結(jié)罘[1]罔，捆蒲草，織履，以養(yǎng)其母，猶不足，踵門見晏子曰："竊說先生之義，愿乞所以養(yǎng)母者。"晏子使人分倉粟府金而遺之，辭金受粟。
有間，晏子見疑于景公，出奔，過北郭騷之門而辭。北郭騷沐浴而見晏子，曰："夫子將焉適？"晏子曰："見疑于齊君，將出奔。"北郭騷曰："夫子勉之矣！"晏子上車太息而嘆曰："嬰之亡，豈不宜哉！亦不知士甚矣。"
晏子行，北郭子召其友而告之曰："吾說晏子之義，而嘗乞所以養(yǎng)母者焉。吾聞之，養(yǎng)其親者，身伉其難。今晏子見疑，吾將以身死白之。"著衣冠，令其友操劍、奉笥[2]而從，造于君庭，求復(fù)者[3]曰："晏子，天下之賢者也。今去齊國，齊必侵矣。方見國之必侵，不若死，請以頭托白晏子也。"因謂友曰："盛吾頭于笥中，奉以托。"退而自刎。其友因奉托而謂復(fù)者曰："此北郭子為國故死，吾將為北郭子死。"又退而自刎。
景公聞之，大駭，乘笠[1]而自追晏子，及之國郊，請而反之。晏子不得已而反，聞北郭之以死白己也，太息而嘆曰："嬰之亡，豈不宜哉！亦愈不知士甚矣。"
注釋：[1]罘（fú），捕獸的網(wǎng)。 [2]笥（sì），一種容器。 [3]復(fù)者，負責通報的人。
[4]笠（rì），一種車。
（2003年春季高考北京卷文言文試題閱讀選文）
〖訓練題〗
請圍繞“水的聯(lián)想”的題目，擬定一個中心論點，從以上文言文選段中，提取分論點，編寫三個論據(jù)并加分析議論來證明兩三個分論點。其中一個詳寫的論據(jù)含議論字數(shù)400字左右，每個略寫論據(jù)連同議論字數(shù)在200字以內(nèi)。
【說明】
由物引出聯(lián)想，這種題目寫抒情散文和議論性散文較為合適。但抒情散文對象征體的擬人化描寫份量大，難度較大；議論性散文可以用敘述事例代替部分形象描寫，更容易成功出彩。但如果我們一時找不到事例，可以看看試卷的閱讀文段是否可以剪裁編寫利用。
【答案示例】
1.
友情如水，源遠流長。
水源于高山，相約百川，融為一體，共奔大海。
情誼如水，源于崇高的情懷，綿綿長流，磐石難阻，抽刀難斷，共赴理想的大海。
潺潺流水，如泣如歌，娓娓訴說著動人的友情故事。
齊國人北郭騷靠編織為生，卻無法養(yǎng)活母親。他向所仰慕的宰相晏子求教養(yǎng)親之道，晏子派人開府倉送糧款給他，北郭騷只接受糧食而退回金子。晏子敬佩北郭騷的人品，自此在心中把他當成朋友。
不久，晏子因被景公猜疑而出逃，途中造訪北郭騷并告以實情。告別之后，北郭騷就到了王宮，對通報者說：“晏子是天下的賢人�，F(xiàn)在他離開齊國，齊國必遭強國入侵。與其見到國家破滅，不如現(xiàn)在就死去，請讓我用頭來替晏子表忠誠吧�！彪S后自刎。與他同行的朋友捧著北郭騷的斷頭說：“北郭子為國而死，我將為北郭子而死。”也自刎了。
景公非常震驚，親自驅(qū)車追趕請回晏子。
溪流為之嗚咽，江河為之沸騰。為了朋友和祖國，哪怕自己摔得粉身碎骨，摔成得玉碎珠濺！這是水的深情，水的豪邁，水的剛強！
2.
友情如水，有時澎湃激昂，有時卻風平浪靜，平淡無語，蘊藉深沉。
君子之交淡如水，這是北郭騷與晏子交情的寫照。
一面之后，兩人只有神交。晏子逃亡，朋友沒有忠言和妙計相贈，只有平淡如水的一句話“先生勉力而行吧！”可誰曾料想，在此揮手一別之時，竟是北郭騷暗下決心用生命成全朋友偉業(yè)之時？
沒有肝膽相照的豪言壯語，卻有為友赴湯蹈火的義舉，這就是淡如水的君子之交！
在波瀾不驚的外表下，醞釀洶涌激蕩的情感。這是水的淡泊，水的深情，水的無私！
3．
友情如水。朋友之間，應(yīng)如海納百川，寬大包容。
告別北郭騷，晏子登車離去，回想朋友冷淡的話語，他對天長嘆。他不是埋怨朋友，而是反省自己出逃是否妥當，還自責對士人如此不了解，竟然無法解讀朋友話中深意。當他知道朋友為他而死時，更是深感內(nèi)疚。
嚴以律己，寬以待人。這是一種怎樣的胸懷？這是“宰相心里能撐船”的胸懷，這是大海的胸懷。
有這樣胸懷的人，才能擁有似水清澈、明亮剔透的友誼！
（摘自編者下水文章《友情如水》）
【說明】
Ⅰ、以上三個論據(jù)的編寫，加上排比、比喻式的開頭和結(jié)尾，則可以寫成一篇關(guān)于評說歷史故事的議論性散文。如果掌握了一個較長的課外素材，也可以用這方法寫。
Ⅱ、從文言閱讀選段取材編寫論據(jù)，可以參考閱讀段下面關(guān)于對原文理解和分析的選擇題中四個選擇項內(nèi)容�？梢杂谜_選擇項和錯項改正后的內(nèi)容加工成排比句作論據(jù)；也可以參考所有選擇項內(nèi)容加工連綴成一個故事；還可以取其一點，結(jié)合原文內(nèi)容擴寫一個論據(jù)。
高考作文論據(jù)材料處理秘訣（三）
2.考試時只找到一個長事例來寫一篇議論文（議論性散文）怎么辦?
一刀兩截法：
方法之一：
①本論部分第一層次：
議論提出分論點一 ――總寫簡介事例中的人物、事件、結(jié)果――分析事例―議論小結(jié)，照應(yīng)分論點一。
②本論部分第二層次：
議論提出分論點二――特寫事例中能說明分論點二的片段――分析事例――議論小結(jié)，照應(yīng)分論點二。
【訓練示例】
閱讀下面的通訊報道，而后完成文章后面的訓練題。
2005年CCTV感動中國年度人物候選
福建建甌消防大隊（節(jié)選）
11月9日晚，中央電視臺。歷經(jīng)一個多月的公眾投票之后，由公安部和中央臺聯(lián)手推出的“中國驕傲”評選結(jié)果隆重揭曉，建甌市消防大隊榜上有名。
他們當選的理由是……
建甌消防大隊大隊長張國興上臺接過獎杯時，敬了一個標準的軍禮，他說，這是所有消防戰(zhàn)士的職責。
……
【感動回放】 樓房廢墟下 赤手挖出11人
2005年6月15日10時30分許，隨著“轟隆隆”一聲巨響，建甌市中山西路盛海房地產(chǎn)在建的30#商住樓，因后山邊坡?lián)鯄μ�，導致整體坍塌，11名工人被埋在廢墟里……
建甌消防大隊所有的26名官兵第一時間趕到了，他們冒著可能發(fā)生再次山體滑坡的危險，用手，用鐵錘、切割機、撬棍、起重設(shè)備等將磚頭和樓板分解后一塊一塊地移開。有的橫梁重達數(shù)噸，又不能動用大型機械挖掘，只能靠切割機把橫梁切成小塊后用吊車運走。操作切割機的消防戰(zhàn)士，每切開一段就要報廢一條鋸片。
事發(fā)當日，建甌最高氣溫32℃。據(jù)一名當時在現(xiàn)場的建甌市醫(yī)院醫(yī)生介紹，26名官兵中，有10多人中暑，本應(yīng)掛瓶休息，但是，“每個人只愿意喝一瓶藿香正氣水，轉(zhuǎn)過身，又投入搶救中�！�
因為害怕大型機械會傷到底下埋著的人，消防官兵們用鏟子、鋤頭等工具小心翼翼地挖開水泥和磚塊，沒有工具的就用手一塊一塊地搬走磚塊和瓦礫，有的人指甲蓋扒丟了，也沒吭過一聲。
“毫不夸張地說，他們(指的是消防戰(zhàn)士)是用赤手挖出了被埋的11人�！苯óT市一位副市長說。
搶救及時被埋33小時還活著
16日凌晨4時，官兵們共找到被埋壓的9人。
還有兩人，生要見人，死要見尸―――搶救持續(xù)到16日18時56分，這時，可視性生命探測儀突然從一個孔洞里聽到了微弱的呼吸聲�！拔遗d奮得差點跳了起來，因為這意味著還有一條命在�！贝箨犻L張國興說。
救援人員被分成兩個小組：第一組將壓在被困者身上的水泥板用鐵錘鑿開，用手托住下掉碎塊，剪斷鋼筋；第二組清理外圍水泥碎塊、磚塊等障礙物，整理出可開展施救的空間。
與此同時，張國興一邊從被壓人員上方鑿開的洞口處將礦泉水喂給被困者，一邊安慰鼓勵她，給她信心。
17時20分，第10名被困人員被成功營救，此時，距離她被埋地下已長達33個小時，成為一個奇跡�！叭绻@救的時間晚一些，奇跡就不會出現(xiàn)了�！痹诮óT醫(yī)院，一名參與搶救該名幸存者的醫(yī)生坦言，建甌消防大隊及時的搶救立了大功。4個小時后，最后一名被埋者被挖掘出來。“同志們辛苦了，你們是一支能打硬仗、善打硬仗的隊伍，建甌人民感謝你們，建甌市委、市政府感謝你們……”6月17日0點，建甌市委副書記、紀委書記余堅說完這句話后，對現(xiàn)場的26名消防戰(zhàn)士深深地鞠躬。
記者手記:至高無上的職責
采訪結(jié)束前，記者問大隊長張國興和教導員杜斌同樣一個問題：你們能否歸納一下，建甌消防大隊和其他消防大隊有什么不一樣的地方？什么地方最閃光？
這個問題，難住了兩位“當家的”。兩人你看我，我看你，良久后，說了這么一句話，其實我們只是全國所有消防隊的縮影，我們所做的，換作其他人，也一定會這么做。
他們說，當每一次火警響起，當每一次沖進火災(zāi)現(xiàn)場，大家的心里只有一句話，這是我們的職責，我們就一定會沖上去，哪怕我們知道，進了火場之后，可能再也出不來了。
正是這樣至高無上的職責所在，這群年輕人，創(chuàng)造了一個又一個的“奇跡”：
今年11月9日，公安部和中央電視臺聯(lián)合授予“中國驕傲”稱號；
1998年6月22日，在抗擊百年不遇的特大洪災(zāi)中，該大隊被公安部榮記集體二等功，被省委、省政府、省軍區(qū)授予“抗洪救災(zāi)先進單位”，被團省委授予“新長征突擊隊”稱號；
2001～2002年，該大隊連續(xù)被南平市人事局、公安局評為“人民滿意科所隊”；
2000年、2001年、2003年、2004年大隊和所屬中隊連續(xù)多次被總隊、支隊黨委評為先進大隊、先進中隊、先進基層黨組織。
……
福建海峽都市報記者 鄭建彬
〖例題演練〗
請以“崇高的責任意識使人創(chuàng)造奇跡”為題，從上面的文章中提取素材，編寫兩個論據(jù)，分別論證以下兩個分論點：
①責任意識使人在緊要關(guān)頭爆發(fā)潛力，創(chuàng)造奇跡。
②責任意識使人在險境之中奮不顧身，創(chuàng)造奇跡。
論據(jù)：
②
②
【答案示例】
①2005年6月15日10時許，福建省建甌市在建的一座7層樓轟然倒塌， 11名工人被埋在廢墟里……
建甌消防大隊所有官兵共26名在第一時間趕到現(xiàn)場施救。
因為害怕大型機械會傷到底下埋著的人，消防官兵們用手扒土，用鐵錘、切割機、撬棍、起重設(shè)備等將磚頭和樓板分解后一塊塊移開。有的橫梁重達數(shù)噸，只能靠切割機費力地把橫梁切成小塊后用吊車運走。救援持續(xù)了37小時，有的戰(zhàn)士的指甲蓋扒丟了，也沒吭過一聲。
他們終于找到了被埋在廢墟里的所有工人！
有一名女傷員，被壓了33個小時后奇跡般地生還。她，幾乎是消防戰(zhàn)士們赤手空拳從鋼筋水泥中挖出的。
責任意識使勇敢的戰(zhàn)士爆發(fā)了巨大的潛力，創(chuàng)造了偉大的奇跡！
責任意識還使公安戰(zhàn)士身負重傷連連擊斃幾個持刀頑抗的歹徒，使五十歲的女教師在剎那間猛將六個學生推出鬼門關(guān)，而自己卻被汽車撞飛幾米遠！
崇高的責任意識使人們在危急關(guān)頭爆發(fā)潛力，創(chuàng)造了一個個的奇跡！
②建甌這次大樓坍塌事故是大樓山邊坡?lián)鯄μ鴮е碌摹?/p>
當消防戰(zhàn)士沖進事故現(xiàn)場時，山體可能再次滑坡！
然而，戰(zhàn)士們心中只有一個念頭：救人要緊！
多年來，這批戰(zhàn)士投身滔滔洪流、沖進熊熊火海，為搶救人民生命和財產(chǎn)，他們屢建功勛。今年11月9日，他們獲得了公安部和中央電視臺聯(lián)合授予的“中國驕傲”稱號。當記者問及他們消防大隊的特色時，回答是：其實我們所做的，其他消防隊也一定會這么做，因為這是我們的職責！
是啊，這是我們的職責！
戰(zhàn)士們說：每當火警響起，我們就一定會沖上去，哪怕我們知道，進了火場，可能再也出不來了。因為大家心中只有一句話：這是我們神圣的職責！
是啊，這至高無上的責任意識，不僅使消防隊員沖進火海救人，還使白衣戰(zhàn)士在沒有硝煙的戰(zhàn)場與SARS病魔搏斗，使警察勇斗歹徒救助群眾。
正是這崇高的責任意識使無數(shù)人在險境之中奮不顧身，創(chuàng)造了一個又一個的奇跡！
方法之二：
①本論部分第一層次：
議論提出分論點一 ――簡介事例的第一個部分――分析事例――議論小結(jié)，照應(yīng)分論點一。
②本論部分第二層次：
議論提出分論點二――簡介事例的第二個部分――分析事例――議論小結(jié)，照應(yīng)分論點二。
……
【特別注意】
兩種寫法都要在主體部分兩個段落后另加一段，用五六句話概述兩三個其他為人較熟悉的事例，讓人通過聯(lián)想贊同你的看法，否則例子單一就顯得沒有充分說服力。
【例】（方法之二）：
莫向不幸屈服，莫向困難低頭。應(yīng)該更大膽些，更積極地挑戰(zhàn)人生。
有一個男孩在火災(zāi)中被燒成重傷，下半身失去知覺。這對于一個小孩來講是多么不幸！但他握緊拳頭告訴自己：我一定要站起來，靠自己的雙腿來行走。這種設(shè)想是何等艱難，何等大膽！
莫向不幸屈服，莫向困難低頭。當你遭遇失敗時，請再試一次。
那個男孩從此天天練行走。他的雙腿始終沒有任何知覺。但他堅信再試一次就會成功。終于，有一天，他再一次拖著無力的雙腿緊拉著籬笆行走時，一陣鉆心的疼痛從下肢傳了過來，他的下肢開始有了知覺！
他的身體恢復(fù)得很快，最后他竟然能在院子跑了起來。他，就是葛林康漢寧博士。他曾經(jīng)跑出過全世界最好的成績。（以上據(jù)《智慧背囊》改寫）
當不幸比肩以來之時， 當挫折接踵而至之日，請再試一次吧。
再試一次，跌到無數(shù)次的葛林康漢寧掙脫了噩運的魔掌；再試一次，失敗了一千次的愛迪生發(fā)明了電燈；再試一次，收到十九次退稿的福樓拜發(fā)表了成名作。
莫向不幸屈服，莫向困難低頭。積極挑戰(zhàn)人生，大膽再試一次。只有這樣，你的人生之舟，才能渡過險灘，走向柳暗花明的勝景：你的登山之梯，才會架向峭壁，翻越困難的高峰。
【說明】
Ⅰ、事例可以按時間（開端、發(fā)展―高潮、結(jié)局）或根據(jù)事例的幾方面特征等分成兩三方面。
Ⅱ、如果事例蘊含的道理不言而喻，則可以省去事例分析這一程序，直接在引例子后作小結(jié)。如果是寫議論性散文，可在關(guān)鍵處，即能說明主體的地方加三五句描寫。
3.考試時找不到新鮮事例怎么辦？
――應(yīng)用文采取勝法，其編寫的方法與課內(nèi)編寫法一樣，因為課內(nèi)事例也是人人熟悉的。
以下補充幾種：
①懸念法
――先一兩句敘述和描寫事例，再顯示人人熟知的人名。
【例】
如上例葛林康漢寧事跡的寫法：
他，滿頭大汗，牙齒咬破了下唇，兩手使勁撐著欄桿，拖著毫無知覺的雙腿前行，每日，每日，重復(fù)著這艱難的行程。
他，就是葛林康漢寧博士。重新站立起來后獲得長跑冠軍的英雄。
【例】
一張平平凡凡的輪椅，一個干干瘦瘦的中年殘疾人。他，頭歪著，唇不動，木乃伊似的身子也一動不動。
一個小時，在強烈的燈光下，在空空洞洞的一個大講臺上，霍金教授用預(yù)先錄制的電腦“聲音合成器”制造的聲音，作他的公開演講：宇宙的未來。
加拿大亞伯特大學禮堂的聽眾席上座無虛席，群響幾絕。那雜有金屬響聲的講演，不僅帶領(lǐng)人們心馳神游了浩瀚的太空，而且震撼了人們的心靈：一個坐在輪椅上、死去一大半的人，用他唯有的三根能夠活動手，引導我們面向未來，探究了神秘的宇宙世界，那么我們這些健全人，應(yīng)該如何頑強拼搏，去創(chuàng)造人類的未來呢？
是的，頑強拼搏，是創(chuàng)造美好未來的重要條件�？款B強拼搏，科學家陳景潤摘取了數(shù)學皇冠的明珠；中國女排十七年后夢圓雅典奧運會，再登世界金牌領(lǐng)獎臺；中國神五、神六宇宙飛船一飛沖天，震驚世界！
②排比概述熟悉事例法
【例】
人類可以用各種方式留住自己的聲音和身影，留下自己不朽的偉業(yè)。聽，那激昂的交響曲是貝多芬扼住命運的咽喉而發(fā)出的怒吼，那山間飄蕩的歌聲是俞伯牙、鐘子期傳誦千年的友情佳話�？�，那龍飛鳳舞的書法是王羲之的墨跡，那飄逸豪邁的絕唱是李白的詩篇，那南山躬耕的身影顯示的是陶淵明那不為五斗未析腰的豪情。歷史的筆墨清晰地記下了他們的身姿，他們，作為偉大的人，不已經(jīng)凌駕于時間之上嗎？
（《時間―另一種對手》以“對手”為話題的學生應(yīng)試作文）
【例】
陶淵明放棄仕途，選擇了田園，為中國詩壇增添了不朽的詩篇；魯迅放棄學醫(yī)，選擇了從文，使世界文壇多了顆璀璨的明星；丘少云選擇了烈火，用燒成灰燼的身軀保證了部隊勝利完成埋伏殲敵任務(wù)；劉胡蘭選擇了鍘刀，用鮮血昭示了“生的偉大，死的光榮”的涵義；高位截癱的作家張海迪選擇高揚生命風帆，用一本本小說和翻譯，表達了“寧可撞碎，也要沖擊”的心聲；無臂的青年舞蹈家黃陽光選擇用雙腳走出陽光路，用嘴銜下2008年北京殘奧會的會徽。
③設(shè)問＋排比事例＋比喻論證法。
誠信是什么？老農(nóng)說，誠信是春天播下的種子，秋天結(jié)出的豐碩果實，是汗水滋潤中禾苗結(jié)出的盈穗在風中搖曳出的交響；教師說，誠信是推倒了墻變成的橋，是師生間真切的情感紐帶，是皎皎白玉蘭般純潔的師生情；工人說，誠信是國家把工廠交給了我們，是我們擔起歷史大任時對祖國母親自信的一笑。每個人對誠信有不同的詮釋，他們都在用自己的實際行動來演繹著誠信。
（節(jié)選自 2001年高考優(yōu)秀作文《誠信的內(nèi)涵》）
④比喻議論＋排比熟悉的事例＋反復(fù)修辭格。
語言是出征將士的倚天長劍，是匕首，是攻無不克戰(zhàn)無不勝的殺手锏，如果你用對了的話。是語言，讓蘇秦聯(lián)合六國，使強秦心驚膽戰(zhàn)；是語言，讓諸葛亮說服東吳，使八十三萬曹軍葬身火海；是語言，讓周恩來在亞非會議上一鳴驚人，使亞非各國對中國刮目相看；是語言，讓水均益和白巖松打動了億萬觀眾的心，使我們對央視有更高的評價……語言是友情的助推劑，親情的粘合劑，愛情的催化劑，因為語言是溝通的加速度�。�
（選自廣東04年高考優(yōu)秀卷《語言――溝通的加速器》，本文作者略有修改。）
――排比略寫課外熟悉的名人事例，并用排比、比喻形象說理評論事例。
（節(jié)選自 2001年高考優(yōu)秀作文《誠信的內(nèi)涵》）
⑤ 引用名言說理法。
【例】
非故效顰于余秋雨先生，乃是因為此嘆由來已久的醞釀和不得不發(fā)的沖動。只希望嘆過之后，能有一種“苦澀后的回味，焦灼后的會心，冥思后的放松，蒼老后的年輕”。只是希望而已，何況已近乎一種奢望。
我不知道他何以會就這樣丟棄了“誠信”，而且是在“思索”之后。我不禁想問：他真的曾經(jīng)思索過嗎？余秋雨說：“只有當生命被逼迫到了最后的邊界，一切才變得深刻。”然而我真的不希望看到，在生與死的邊緣，曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了這樣一種舍棄“誠信”的“深刻”。這種取舍，無論如何我都無法認同。
（節(jié)選自 2001年高考優(yōu)秀作文《千年一嘆》）
【說明】
此段議論引用余秋雨先生的話并運用反語的修辭法，目的是嘲諷丟棄誠信的做法，并且指出這種做法是不假思索的膚淺的做法。
⑥仿用名言句式續(xù)寫法。
名言警句不僅富有哲理，而且語言精煉優(yōu)美，摹仿名言句式，也可以使文章更精彩。特別是有些你較熟悉的名言，與你要證明的論點相關(guān)卻不相一致，無法直接引用，那么就用名言續(xù)寫法以增添文采。
【例】
當你參觀畫展時，看到那一幅幅景物寫生畫，畫面是那樣清新、獨特而富有美感，但那畫的其實都是平凡的街道，小屋、行人，司空見慣。在日常生活中提不起我們興趣的事物，藝術(shù)家卻發(fā)現(xiàn)了它們的美感，賦予它們新的價值。
所以，羅丹說，世上并不缺少美，而是缺少發(fā)現(xiàn)美的眼光。
其實，藝術(shù)家在發(fā)現(xiàn)美的同時，也發(fā)現(xiàn)并把握了自己創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)美的機遇。
因此我想說，世上并不缺少機遇，而是缺少把握機遇的智慧與膽識。
有兩個皮鞋推銷員同時被派往非洲，幾天后一個推銷員打道回府，因為他發(fā)現(xiàn)所到之處沒有人穿皮鞋；另一個推銷員卻留在那里，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了那里商機無限，因為那里的人都還沒有穿上皮鞋。
智者以慧眼在平凡中發(fā)現(xiàn)并把握機遇獲取成功，強者憑膽識在災(zāi)難中發(fā)現(xiàn)并抓住機遇戰(zhàn)勝災(zāi)難。
在天花病魔肆虐歐洲吞噬數(shù)以萬計的生命之時，英國鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)生琴納沖破重重阻力，發(fā)明了征服天花的有效武器，給人類帶來了無比美妙的福音，奠定了免疫科學的基礎(chǔ)。在倫敦兩次遭遇自殺性恐怖襲擊后，倫敦的科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)了從子彈和榴散彈的金屬表面鑒定指紋的可能性，正抓緊時機研究這一打擊恐怖活動的重磅武器。
⑦比喻論證法。
方法一：
以常見的動植物、日月星辰、山川等自然景觀或具體事物作比喻論證。
【例】
你是否注意到，當冰雪初融、大地剛剛脫下冬裝之時，在鄉(xiāng)間石板路的縫隙中、城市路旁樹下水泥縫隙中，就已出現(xiàn)點點新綠？那嫩綠的新芽雖然柔弱，卻是那樣自信而生機勃勃。因為它抓住了春天富賦予的機會，積蓄力量，從地下成千上萬的弟兄中脫穎而出，沖破硬土，率先點綴了初春，顯示了自己的智慧和膽識。
人生就像這些種子，有的把握了機遇已破土而出，有的失去機遇埋藏在地下，只能在黑暗中掙扎，企盼下一個機遇的降臨。
方法二：
以常見的涵義深刻的符號或圖形作比喻論證。
有些考題，本身就要求用圖形或符號作比喻論證的。如福建省2005年關(guān)于圓和星形的聯(lián)想的話題。另外我們還可以用數(shù)學符號或標點符號等作比喻論證。
Ⅰ、以圖形或符號作比喻＋闡釋比喻義。
【例】
至于筆者，則把現(xiàn)時(當前)看成是小學算術(shù)課本上的1，對未來的憧憬則看成是0。每個小學生都懂得：0的位置是很重要的。0只有在1的后面(而不是在1的前面)才能顯示出它的價值和分量。1后面的0越多值越大。若用日常語言來說，就是：偉大志向造就偉大人物，但要以牢牢把握現(xiàn)時為必要的前提。
只有珍惜、牢牢地把握現(xiàn)時每一分鐘，以最有效的方式獻身于振興中華的偉大事業(yè)，才是未來美景最可靠的保證。否則，就會在一個個五光十色的希望肥皂泡中蹉跎歲月，浪費自己的青春年華。
高中第五冊語文課文《人是什么》
Ⅱ、以圖形作比喻＋闡釋比喻義＋排比略舉熟悉事例。
【例】
忙是驚嘆號，世界上的人都在忙著自己的事，大自然亦如此。小蜜蜂在忙，以蜂蜜為回報，那么人呢？居里夫人的忙，以放射性元素的發(fā)現(xiàn)而得到了圓滿的休止符；愛因期坦在忙，以相對論的問世而畫上了驚嘆號；李白的忙，以那豪放的詩歌而有了很大的成功；張衡的忙，因為那地動儀的出世而讓世人仰慕。每個人都應(yīng)該有效率的忙，而不是整天碌碌無為地白忙。人生是有限的、短暫的，因此，每個人都應(yīng)該在有限的生命里忙出屬于他的驚嘆號；都應(yīng)在有限的生命里忙出他的人生精彩篇章。
2004年高考上海一考生《忙，不亦樂乎》
⑧段頭三言兩語描寫起筆法。
即在闡述觀點的段落開頭，用三言兩語描寫形象，激發(fā)讀者情感，引起共鳴。這種寫法，最好用四言、五言或七言句，能成對偶或排比句那就更好。
【例】
碧絲天玉，四蹄走風，在夕陽的影下，那是一個永遠不屈的靈魂，白石老人一生研究繪畫藝術(shù)，且將本是溫馴的白馬畫得如此栩栩如生，只因一切凸現(xiàn)了人格魅力和人文素養(yǎng)的存在。林和靖以梅為妻鶴為子，在一山一水間勾勒出自然與人和諧的線條，只因一顆自然的心在他心中沉淀。疏林倩影，暗香浮動，人與自然的躍動的音符，讓一段段美好的傳說將歷史點綴得美輪美奐。那些曾有的清潔的精神，為思想注入一縷馨香。
衡水中學2008-2009學年第一學期第一次調(diào)研考試
高三年級英語試卷
命題人 馬靜麗
本試卷分第一卷（選擇題）和第二卷（非選擇題）兩部分。共150分。考試用時
120分鐘。
第一卷（三部分，共 95分）
第一部分：英語知識運用（共三節(jié)，滿分50分）
第一節(jié) 語音知識。（共5小題，每小題1分，滿分5分）
從A、B、C、D中找出其劃線部分與所給單詞的劃線部分讀音相同的選項。
1. competitor A. compete B. rebuild C. gesture D. restore
2. thunderstorm A. cloth B. within C. breathe D. southern
3. secure A. sensitive B. separation C. series D. genetics
4. choke A. people B. lose C. loose D. roll
5. privilege A. private B. prison C. tide D. visa
第二節(jié) 語法和詞匯知識（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）
從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
6. The warmth of ___ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ___ wool used.
A. the; the B. the ; / C. /; the D. /; /
7. When he came back to life, the young man found himself ___ in a small house and everything he ___.
A. lay; had been stolen B. lay; was stolen
C. lying; had stolen D. lying; had been stolen
8. The room with the windows ___ north wants___.
A. facing; cleaned B. faces; cleaning C. faced; cleaning D. facing; cleaning
9. ---I’ d like to find a job in the library.
---Good idea, in my opinion, ___ it doesn’t have a bad effect on your studies.
A. unless B. as long as C. now that D. even if
10. Shortly after the book ___, the war between
A. came about; broke away B. came out; broke out
C. came on; broke up D. came up; broke down
11. We’ve bought a cottage in the country for ___ we retire.
A. when B. if C. since D. that
12. I’m looking for a new job, one ___ I can get a bit more job satisfaction.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
13. We must do something to ___ the air ___ seriously.
A. stop; polluting B. keep; from being polluted
C. prevent; from polluting D. keep; polluting
14. ___ the sake of your father, I’ll help you out of trouble.
A. To B. Of C. For D. At
15. Mr. Wang was chosen to ____ our school at the meeting.
A. represent B. stand for C. instead of D. take the place of
16. Only under special circumstances ____ to take those tests.
A. are freshmen permitted B. freshmen are permitted
C. permitted are freshmen D. are permitted freshmen
17.Americans eat ____ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
A. more than twice B. as twice as many
C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many
18.Betty has chosen Spanish ____ her second foreign language ____ I have chosen German.
A. as; as B. as; while C. like; but D. for; when
19.Hurry! The train ___. You know it ____ at 8:
A. leaves; leaves B. is leaving; leaves
C. leaves; is leaving D. is leaving; leaving
20.If most breadwinners ____ a day’s pay to the Hope Project, then it will be hopeful.
A. leave B. present C. donate D. give
第三節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。
Mrs. Jones was over eighty, but she still drove her car like a woman half her age. She loved driving very fast, and always took _21__ in the record _22_ she had never, in her thirty-five years of driving, been _23_ for her driving too fast. Then one day she nearly lost her _24__. A police car was following her and the policeman in it saw her _25__ a red light without stopping.
When Mrs. Jones was brought _26__ the judge, he looked at her and said that she was too old to drive a car and that the _27__ why she had not stopped _28__ the red light was _29__ probably that her eyes became weak with old age _30__ she had simply not seen it.
When the judge had finished what he was saying, Mrs. Jones opened her big handbag, from _31__ she took out her sewing. Without saying _32__, she chose a needle with a very small eye and threaded it at her first _33__.
When she had _34__ done this, she took the thread out of the _35__ again and handed both the needle and thread to the judge, saying,“Now it is your _36__. I suppose you drive a car and your _37__ must be very good.”
The judge took the needle and tried to thread it. After half a dozen attempts, he had _38__ not succeeded. The case _39__ Mrs. Jones was dismissed and her record _40__ unbroken.
21. A. an interest B. part C. pride D. notice
22. A. during which B. which C. that D. when
23. A. fired B. dismissed C. scolded D. punished
24. A. way B. car C. sight D. record
25. A, knocking into B. rushing C. pass D. race
26. A. into B. ahead C. before D. onto
27. A. fact B. problem C. mistake D. reason
28. A. at B. on C. from D. in the front of
29. A. so B. very C. most D. rather
30. A. because B. so that C. as D. in order that
31. A. it B. which C. inside D. the inside
32. A. a sentence B. any words C. a word D. everything
33. A. eye B. attempt C. sight D. feeling
34. A. nearly B. already C. aimlessly D. successfully
35. A. pocked B. sewing bag C. needle D. purse
36. A. duty B. wish C. sense D. turn
37. A. car B. skill C. eyesight D. record
38. A. yet B. still C. too D. either
39. A. against B. for C. about D. on
40. A. left B. remained C. was not D. seemed
第二部分：閱讀理解 (共45分)
第一節(jié) （共20小題，每小題2分，滿分40分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。
How do successful people think? What drives them? Interviews and investigations indicate that there are several keys to success that successful people share.
First of all, successful people never blame someone or something outside of themselves for their failure to go ahead. They realize that their failure lies in their own hands. They understand that they cannot control things in life, such as nature, the past and other people. But in the meantime, they are well aware that they can control their own thoughts and actions. They take responsibility for their life and regard this as one of the most empowering(給人以權(quán)利的) things they can do. Perhaps what most separate successful people from others is that they live life “on purpose”-they are doing what they believe they are put here to do. In their opinion, having a purpose in their life is the most important element that enables them to become fully functioning people. They hold that when they live their life on purpose, their main concern is to do the job right. They love what they do-and it shows. People want to do business with them because of their commitment(投入、獻身). To live their life on purpose, successful people find a cause they believe in and create a business around it. Besides, they never easily give up. Once they have set up goals in their life, they’re willing to do whatever it takes to achieve their goals. Top achievers always bear in mind that they don’t have forever.
Rather than seeing it negative or depressing, they use the knowledge to support themselves and go after what they want energetically and passionately.
41. Successful people owe their failure to ___.
A. others B. the society C. themselves D. their fate
42. Successful people know that they can only control ___ forever.
A. society B. the past C. their thoughts and actions D. other people
43. The biggest difference between successful people and general people is that ___.
A. successful people have a purpose in life
B. successful people can work hard
C. successful people have better minds
D. successful people can always win support
44. People like to do business with successful people because of their ___.
A. money B. cleverness C. fame D. devotion to work
45. The writer wants to tell us ___.
A. how people live on purpose B. how people can be successful
C. how people make plans D. how people do business
If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven’t you noticed that you have become a master since you started to learn a language?
According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brainpower. Researchers found that learning other language changes gray matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.
The study also found the effect is greater on the younger people who learn a second language.
A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli, from University College London, took a group of Britons(土著的英國人) who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of other learners.
Scans showed that gray matter density(密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference is.
“Our findings suggest that his structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language,” said the scientists.
It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.
Professor
Dylan Vanghan Jones of the
The
finding was matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned
English as a second language between the ages of two and 34.
46. The main subject in this passage is ___.
A. science on learning a second language
B. man’s ability of learning a second language
C. language can help brain power
D. language learning and maths study
47. In the second paragraph, the writer mentions “exercise” in order to ___.
A. say language is also a kind of physical labor
B. prove that one needs more patience when he(she) is learning a language
C. show the importance of using the language when you learn the language
D. make people believe language learning helps gray matter work well
48. The underlined word “bilingual” probably means that ___.
A. a researcher on language learning B. a second language learner
C. a person who can speak two languages D. an active language learner
49. We may know from the scientific findings that ___.
A. the earlier you start to learn a second language the higher the gray matter density is
B. there is no difference between a later second language learner and one who doesn’t know a second language
C. the experience of learning a second language has had an effect on people’s brain D. the ability of learning a second language is changing all the time
50. In the last two paragraphs, the author wants to tell us that ___.
A. learning a second language is the same as studying maths
B. early learning of a second language helps you a great deal in studying other subjects
C. Italian is the best choice for you as a second language
D. you’d better choose the ages between 2 and 34 to learn a second language
A large grey cat with a cunning(狡猾的) sparkle in his yellow eyes, chases a small, sweet looking, brown mouse. In the madness that follows in the kitchen, they destroy the ice-box, ironing board(燙衣板), a sink full of dishes and litter the floor with broken eggs.
As the kitchen battle goes on, the final outcome is unknown to the participants. But to the audience who watch, there is little doubt as to the identity of the winner it will be the little mouse.
The
cat and mouse are Tom and Jerry, and this, of course is a Tom & Jerry
cartoon. The ever-fighting pair have chased each other from
They even came top in a poll(調(diào)查) of Britain’s favorite cartoon characters. The survey of 1,000 people aged between 18 and 50 was made in early October by a children’s TV channel.
“Tom &Jerry series are incredibly inventive and witty(詼諧的) with an endless stream of gags(惡作劇), which is why they appeal to all ages,” said the channel manager.
Born
out of the film “ Puss Gets the Boot” in
The
cartoon series came to
51. The first paragraph gives a description of a scene ___.
A. in an animal world B. in a battle between a cat and a mouse in nature
C. in a cartoon film D. in a kitchen
52. Tom and Jerry are ___.
A.
the
most famous directors in
C. the most popular actors in Hollywood D. the favorite cartoon characters in a
Poll in
53. Tom and Jerry first appeared in ___.
A. a cartoon film directed by themselves
B.
a
cartoon film in
C. the film “Puss Gets the Boot” which has won seven Oscars
D. a play for children on TV and on video
54. Which of the following is true according to the text?
A. William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, the creators of Tom and Jerry, have won seven Oscars.
B. People of all ages like Tom and Jerry because they chase each other all over the world, even to outer space.
C.
The
cartoon series came to
D. The survey of 1,000 people of all age groups was conducted in early October.
More
than 10 years ago, it was difficult to buy a tasty pineapple. The fruits that
made it to the
The new type of pineapple looked more yellowy-gold than green. It was slightly softer on the outside and had a lot of juice inside. But the most important thing about this new type of pineapple was that it was twice as sweet as the hit-and-miss pineapples we had known. In no time, the Del Monte Gold took the market by storm, rapidly becoming the world’s best-selling pineapple variety, and delivering natural levels of sweetness in the mouth, up until then only found in tinned pineapple.
In nutrition(營養(yǎng)) it was all good news too. This nice-tasting pineapple contained four times more vitamin C than the old green variety. Nutritionists said that it was not only full of vitamins, but also good against some diseases. People were understandably eager to be able to buy this wonderful fruit. The new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater.
Seeing the growing market for its winning pineapple, Del Monte tried to keep the market to itself. But other fruit companies developed similar pineapples. Del Monte turned to law for help, but failed. Those companies argued successfully that Del Monte’s attempts to keep the golden pineapple for itself were just a way to knock them out of the market.
55. We learn from the text that the new type of pineapple is ______.
A. green outside and sweet inside
B. good-looking outside and soft inside
C. yellowy-gold outside and hard inside
D. a little soft outside and sweet inside
56. The underlined word “fixture” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to something ______.
A. that people enjoy eating B. that is always present
C. that is difficult to get D. that people use as a gift
57. We learn from the last paragraph that Del Monte ______.
A. allowed other companies to develop pineapples
B. succeeded in keeping the pineapple for itself
C. tried hard to control the pineapple market
D. planned to help the other companies
As a professor at a large American university, there is a phrase that I hear often from students:“I’m only a 1050.”The unlucky students are speaking of the score on the Seholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), which is used to determine whether they will be admitted to the college or university of their choice, or even have a chance to get a higher education at all. The SAT score, whether it is 800, 1 100 or 1550, has becomes the focus at this time of their life.
It is obvious that if students value highly their test scores, then a great amount of their self-respect is put in the number. Students who perform poorly on the exam are left feeling that it is all over. The low test score, they think, will make it impossible for them to get into a good college. And without a degree from a prestigious university, they fear that many of life’s doors will remain forever closed.
According to a study done in the 1990s, the SAT is only a reliable indicator of a student’s future performance in most cases. Interestingly, it becomes much more accurate when it is set together with other indication――like a student’s high school grades. Even if standard tests like the SAT could show a student’s academic proficiency（學業(yè)水平）,they will never be able to test things like confidence, efforts and willpower, and are unable to give us the full picture of a student’s potentialities（潛力）.This is not to suggest that we should stop using SAT scores in our college admission process. The SAT is an excellent test in many ways, and the score is still a useful means of testing students. However, it should be only one of many methods used.
58.The purpose of the SAT is to test students’ .
A. strong will B. academic ability
C. full potentialities D. confidence in school work
59.“A prestigious university”is most probably
A. a famous university B. a technical university
C. a traditional university D. an expensive university
60.This passage is mainly about .
A. how to prepare for the SAT B. stress caused by the SAT
C. American higher education D. the SAT and its effects
第二節(jié) 根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容，從對話后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。（每小題1分，共5分）
---__61__
---Going shopping is always boring.
---__62__ There are so many things to choose from.
---__63__ We spent a lot of time but came back without anything.
---__64__
--- I have always been afraid to hear you say “ I’m sorry I changed my mind”.
--- Don’t laugh at me any more.
---__65__ I prefer to stay at home watching TV.
A. So you must go by yourself.
B. Would you like to go shopping with me now?
C. Do you remember the last time I went shopping with you?
D. You are a nice person.
E. Sometimes I really have trouble choosing among so many things.
F. But without you I can’t make a decision on what to buy.
G. Do you like shopping?
（注意：61―65題也涂到卡上 E=AB F=AC G=AD）
衡水中學2008-2009學年第一學期第一次調(diào)研考試
高三年級英語試卷
第一節(jié) 單詞拼寫 （共10題，每小題1分；滿分10分）
根據(jù)下列句子及所給漢語注釋或單詞首字母，在句子右邊的橫線上，寫出空缺處各單詞的正確形式。（每空只寫一詞）
66. I am not very f_______ with botanical names.
67. People usually a_______
68. We shouldn’t just treat them with _______(同情); we should give them a lot of help.
69. Is this your _______(永久的) address, or are you only staying there for a short time?
70. After the war, the country experienced s_______ and economic unrest and suffered from the Great Depression of the 1930s.
71. Joseph Banks, who would later ask him to join his team of _______(植物學的) explorers on the Endeavor in 1768.
72. There are many things we need to take into c__________ before we buy an expensive product, such as a car or a computer.
73. Last year Lilia was a______ into
74. You can claim your ________(行李) over there.
75. I hope this statement has helped to _______(闡明) a few points.
第二節(jié)：短文改錯（共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分）
此題要求改正所給短文中的錯誤。對標有題號的每一行做出判斷：如無錯誤，在該行右邊橫線上畫一個勾（√）；如有錯誤（每行只有一個錯誤），則按下列情況改正：
此行多一個詞：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉，在該行右邊橫線上寫出該詞，并也用斜線劃掉。此行缺一個詞：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），在該行右邊橫線上寫出該加的詞。此行錯一個詞：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，在該行右邊橫線上寫出改正后的詞。
注意：原行沒有錯的不要改。
May 10,2007 Fine
Today I was having a PE lesson while I fell down 76.
and hurt my foot. I was in greatly pain at that moment, 77.
but I tried to act as if nothing has happened until the 78.
class was over. Though I had difficulty walk back to 79.
my classroom, I still didn’t tell anyone but even refused 80.
the offer of help of my classmates. As result, the hurt 81.
in my foot became worse. Now I know I’m wrong. We 82.
can tell others our need for help and accept his help. 83.
Some day we can not help others in return. In this way, 84.
we can get along to each other happily and peacefully. 85.
第三節(jié)：書面表達（滿分30分）
以A Ten-Minute Break 為題，寫一篇詞數(shù)為100左右的短文。短文的內(nèi)容必須包括以下幾點：
1. 十分鐘的課間休息是必要的。 2. 要注意休息的方式。
3. 我通常是怎樣利用這十分鐘的。
衡水中學2008-2009學年度第一學期第一次調(diào)研考試
高三年級英語答案
單選1-5CADDB 6-10BCDBB 11-15ABBCA 16-20ADBBC
完形 21―25 CCDDC 26―30 CDACA 31―35 BCBDC 36―40 DCAAB
閱讀理解41-45CCADB 46-50CDCAB 51-54CDBC 55-57DBC 58-60BAD
單詞拼寫66 familiar 67associate 68 sympathy 69 permanent 70 social 71 botanical 72 consideration 73 admitted 74 luggage/baggage 75 clarify
May 10,2008 Fine
Today I was having a PE lesson while I fell down 76. when
and hurt my foot. I was in greatly pain at that moment, 77. great
but I tried to act as if nothing has happened until the 78. had
class was over. Though I had difficulty walk back to 79. walking
my classroom, I still didn’t tell anyone but even refused 80. and
the offer of help of my classmates. As result, the hurt 81. a
in my foot became worse. Now I know I’m wrong. We 82. √
can tell others our need for help and accept his help. 83. their
研－英語.files\image001.gif)
Some day we can not help others in return. In this way, 84. not
we can get along to each other happily and peacefully. 85. with
以A Ten-Minute Break 為題，寫一篇詞數(shù)為100左右的短文。短文的內(nèi)容必須包括以下幾點：
2. 十分鐘的課間休息是必要的；
3. 要注意休息的方式；
4. 我通常是怎樣利用這十分鐘的。
As students, we have classes from early morning till late afternoon. Therefore, to take a ten-minute break between classes is definitely important, even necessary. Otherwise we may feel both physically and mentally tired.
During the ten-minute break we do something to get rid of tiredness. What we need is to have a real rest, instead of getting more tired. So don’t do anything that will make you too excited.
My ten-minute break is always pleasing. I usually do some simple exercises. Sometimes I have a free chat with my classmates or just take a walk during the break. When the new class begins, I feel fresh again.
湖北省互聯(lián)網(wǎng)違法和不良信息舉報平臺 | 網(wǎng)上有害信息舉報專區(qū) | 電信詐騙舉報專區(qū) | 涉歷史虛無主義有害信息舉報專區(qū) | 涉企侵權(quán)舉報專區(qū)
違法和不良信息舉報電話：027-86699610 舉報郵箱：58377363@163.com