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2009屆高考百所名校模擬精華重組卷物理(七)新課標卷學科網(wǎng)(Zxxk.Com)

學科網(wǎng)(Zxxk.Com)

第Ⅰ卷  (選擇題  共48分)學科網(wǎng)(Zxxk.Com)

試題詳情

 

四川省南充高中2009級周考(八)

文科綜合測試題

 

命題:敬大海   李華康   汪輝勛  

審題:何從春   帥  瑤   劉宇杰

第Ⅰ卷(選擇題,共140分)

隨著經(jīng)濟的迅速發(fā)展,小汽車越來越多地進入家庭,目前我國已是世界第三大汽車消費國。下圖為某區(qū)域國道上加油站的分布圖。分析回答1~2題:

www.ks5u.com

1.影響加油站布局的主要因素是

   A.人口數(shù)量     B.地價     C.車流量     D.煉油廠的位置

www.ks5u.com2.推測距大城市最近的地點是

   A.①           B.②       C.③         D.④

右圖為我國某區(qū)域地形圖,據(jù)此回答3~4題。

3.關于該地區(qū)自然環(huán)境的表述,正確的是

A.位于非季風區(qū),降水量少

B.該地區(qū)河流水量豐富,含沙量小,無結冰期

C.塑造該地區(qū)地形的主要外力作用是風力侵蝕

D.該區(qū)域在地形上主要為一斷陷谷地

4.影響該區(qū)域發(fā)展的環(huán)境問題主要是

A.由于不合理的灌溉,導致土壤鹽潰化

B.水資源的污染和破壞       

www.ks5u.comC.過度開墾和采礦導致水土流失

D.洪水災害頻繁發(fā)生

讀吉林省地形示意圖,回答5~6題:

5.吉林省自東向西地形的排列應該是

A.山地、丘陵、平原、濕地

B.濕地、山地、丘陵、平原

C.山地、濕地、丘陵、平原

D.丘陵、山地、平原、濕地

6.適合該地區(qū)生長的主要經(jīng)濟作物是

   A.棉花、亞麻     B.甜菜、小麥     C.高粱、黃麻     D.甜菜、亞麻

2005年至2010年廣東省規(guī)劃投資1800億元,重點新建、擴建5個煉油項目,5個乙烯項目,并在沿海地區(qū)集中布局建設5個石化基地,進軍亞洲石化生產(chǎn)中心。據(jù)此完成7~9題:

7.廣東大力發(fā)展石化產(chǎn)業(yè)的優(yōu)勢條件有 以下因素中的:①市場廣闊,②資源豐富,③海運便利,④技術先進,⑤勞動力豐富

A.①②         B.①③           C.③④        D.④⑤

8.廣東將設立石化、化工園區(qū),實行煉化一體化,引導產(chǎn)業(yè)向園區(qū)、沿海石化基地集聚,其主要目的是

A.加強信息交流和協(xié)作,降低產(chǎn)品銷售費用  

B.減少運費、降低成本,資源共享和追求集聚效應

C.便于污染物集中控制  

D.共同利用基礎設施和勞動力

9.廣東沿海石化基地的建設,有利于當?shù)?/p>

   A.農(nóng)村的剩余勞力的安置           B.環(huán)境質(zhì)量的提高

C.經(jīng)濟結構的改善                 D.工業(yè)技術水平的提高

www.ks5u.com右圖是以極點為中心的半球圖,箭頭表示洋流的分布位置及流向,讀圖回答10~11題。

10.a(chǎn)、b、c、d、e表示的洋流中,

既屬于補償流、又屬于寒流的是

A.a(chǎn) 和e      B.c和d  

    C.e和d      D.b和c

11.下列敘述正確的是

A.M到N點方向與F點到E點方向正好相反

 B.M到N點方向與F點到E點方向相同

 C.從F點到E點方向是先西北后東南   

 D.從M到N點方向是向西北

 12.清政府曾經(jīng)規(guī)定:“一戶所領織機不得逾百張,以抑兼并,過則有罰!狈磻膶嵸|(zhì)是:

 A.明朝中后期資本主義萌芽出現(xiàn)       B.清朝前期大機戶兼并小機戶       

 C.清政府限制手工工場的規(guī)模         D.封建專制制度阻礙資本主義萌芽的成長

 13.唐太宗時長孫無忌等撰寫《唐律疏議》三十卷解釋律令條文,通行天下。這是我國古代流傳下來的一部較為完整的法典。它頒布前審批時需要通過:

 ①尚書省  ②中書省   ③門下省   ④皇帝

 A.③④           B.②③          C.①③④         D.②③④

 14.下列對中國古代中央集權制度的評述中,正確的是:

 A.秦始皇提出并且建立了中央集權制度

 B.漢武帝實行科舉制,加強了中央集權制度

 C.唐朝開創(chuàng)了三省六部制,完善了中央集權制度

D.清朝設立軍機處,使專制主義制度發(fā)展到頂峰 15.在中國文化的主流思想中,始終貫穿著一條恤民愛民的紅線,閃爍著民本主義的思想火花,下列思想能夠證明這一點的是:

 ①為政以德                 ②水則載舟,水則覆舟

 ③罷黜百家,獨尊儒術       ④食者,民之本也;民者,國之本也

 A.①④           B.①②③④             C.①②④        D.②④

 16.19世紀80年代,清政府的軍事代表團和日本的考察團都曾到達德國,學習德國富國強兵的經(jīng)驗,受到了首相俾斯麥的接見。了解了中日兩國考察的不同側重點之后,俾斯麥預言:10年后中日若發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭中國必敗。俾斯麥預言“中國必敗”主要是基于清王朝

 A.政治腐敗官員賄賂公行              B.只學西方技術、拒絕變革制度

 C.從德國購買的戰(zhàn)艦性能落后于日本    D.中國工業(yè)化起步晚于日本

 17.史學界有人評價康有為的《新學偽經(jīng)考》,是“跪著向封建制度造反”。主要是由于康有為在這里

 A.純粹考證儒學經(jīng)典的真?zhèn)?nbsp;         B.不敢從正面批判君主專制制度

 C.借助儒學外衣宣傳西方政治學說    D.大力倡導“中學為體,西學為用”

 18.中華民族的抗日戰(zhàn)爭最重要的特點之一,就是形成了正面和敵后兩個不同的戰(zhàn)場。最早形成兩個不同戰(zhàn)場戰(zhàn)略格局的地區(qū)是

 A.華北    B.華東    C.華中    D.華南

 19.史學界認為:我國社會主義初級階段基本路線的思想是在十一屆三中全會上開始形成的,主要是因為這次會議

 A.果斷停止了“以階級斗爭為綱”的錯誤方針

 B.重新確立了實事求是的思想路線

 C.初步闡述了社會主義初級階段的理論

 D.作出了以經(jīng)濟建設為中心的實行改革開放的決策

 20.一位學者形容16世紀的西班牙:“就像一張巨人之口,吞進食物,咀嚼食物,僅僅是為了把它送進器官,除了經(jīng)過的氣味和偶爾粘在牙齒上的點碎屑之外,沒有留下任何東西!鄙鲜觥皼]有留下任何東西”主要是指

 A.沒有發(fā)生“價格革命”            B.沒有經(jīng)受文化復興的洗禮

 C.沒有受到資產(chǎn)階級革命風暴沖擊    D.資本主義工商業(yè)沒有發(fā)展起來

 21.1600年成立的東印度公司,壟斷了從印度到中國的貿(mào)易,并從19世紀初的鴉片走私中獲取了暴利。1833年英國政府取消了東印度公司對華貿(mào)易的獨占權,英國采取這一舉措的主要原因是

 A.東印度公司獲利過多引起資產(chǎn)階級內(nèi)部矛盾激化

 B.工業(yè)資本主義發(fā)展,自由主義思想興起

 C.減少對華鴉片走私,緩和中國人民的反英情緒

D.調(diào)整統(tǒng)治策略,加強在印度的殖民統(tǒng)治 22.科技史專家丹皮爾認為:“科學過去是躲在經(jīng)驗技術的隱蔽角落里辛勤工作,當它走到前面?zhèn)鬟f而且高舉火炬的時候,科學時代就可以說已經(jīng)開始了”。反映材料所述的“科學時代就可以說已經(jīng)開始了”特征的科技發(fā)明是

 A.珍妮機  B.蒸汽機   C.發(fā)電機    D.人造衛(wèi)星

 23.西班牙內(nèi)戰(zhàn)被人們稱之為“小型的第二次世界大戰(zhàn)”,主要是因為

 A.世界主要政治力量都直接間接地介入了這場戰(zhàn)爭

 B.內(nèi)戰(zhàn)遠遠超出了西班牙的領土范圍

 C.內(nèi)戰(zhàn)直接導致第二次世界大戰(zhàn)全面爆發(fā)

 D.內(nèi)戰(zhàn)中法西斯同盟與反法西斯同盟展開了激烈斗爭

 2008年9月,短短幾天,從孟學農(nóng)的“霉”開二度到深圳“舞王”歌廳大火相關責任官員的迅速免職;從河南登封煤礦事故后的第二天市長被建議免職到國家質(zhì)檢總局局長等人的辭職。9月以來,中華民族經(jīng)歷了太多的不幸,但中央和相關部門的處理方式讓民眾從不幸中看到了大幸。這就是問責制常態(tài)化的曙光。回答24―25題:

 24.問責制常態(tài)化有利于

 ①督促官員始終把民眾的利益記在心上,為民用權,為民履責,以民為本。

 ②促使官員轉變作風,促進社會風氣的好轉。

 ③督促官員防范于未然,避免悲劇的重演。

 ④增強官員、市場主體對社會應有的道德感、責任心。

 A.①②③        B.①②④        C.②③④          D.①②③④

 25.講問責,必須加強監(jiān)督,尤其應該重視的是,政府要向同級人大負責、接受其監(jiān)督。這是因為

 A.我國實行單一制國家結構形式         

 B.國際機構是實施國家職能的載體

C.我國國家機構堅持民主集中制原則     

 D.人民代表大會制是建立其他國家管理制度的基礎 干部選得準不準,先讓群眾審一審。干部任前公示制度已經(jīng)成為如今干部任用中的常態(tài)。干部任免之前,將擬任干部的有關情況,通過新聞媒體或發(fā)文件、召開會議、張榜公布等形式向社會公布,接受各方面對于干部選拔任用工作的監(jiān)督。據(jù)此回答26―27題:

 26.實行干部任前公示制度,其優(yōu)越性在于

 ①有利于群眾對擬任干部的監(jiān)督              ②讓公民更好行使對干部的任免權   

 ③增強組織人事部門決策的科學性和正確性    ④ 能激發(fā)基層群眾參政議政的熱情

 A.①②        B. ①③④          C. ①②③             D. ③④

 27.目前有些地方在干部考察中將公示制度改成預告制度,這一舉措

 A.保證人民群眾直接行使國家權力

 B.進一步擴大人民群眾的知情權、參與權、監(jiān)督權

 C.有利于公民更好地行使選舉權和被選舉權D.有利于公民充分享有政治自由

2008年10月23日,十一屆全國人大常委第五次會議在北京舉行,會議繼續(xù)審議企業(yè)國有資產(chǎn)法草案、消防法修訂草案、食品安全法草案等;卮28―29題:

 28.十一屆全國人大常委第五次會議審議系列法律草案。這是全國人大常委行使

 A.立法權                  B.監(jiān)督權            C.決定權       D.任免權

 29.全國人大與全國人大常委的關系是

 ①共同組成最高國家權力機關           ②全國人大常委是全國人大的常設機構   

 ③兩者共同組成我國國家權力機關體系   ④兩者共同行使國家立法權

 A.①③        B.①④        C.②③           D.②④

 中國不斷推進民主政治建設,民主制度不斷健全,民主形式不斷豐富,呈現(xiàn)勃勃的生命力。據(jù)此回答30―31題:

 30.近年來,我國一些省市陸續(xù)向社會開放政府紅頭文件的查閱。這一舉措,深受群眾歡迎,被人們稱為陽光工程。開放紅頭文件的查閱

 ①有利于維護人民群眾的知情權    ②有利于轉變政府職能   

 ③有利于增強政府的服務意識      ④有利于增強政府的群眾意識

 A.①②        B.③④          C.①②③              D.①②③④

 31.公開、透明是當前我國媒體的重要關鍵詞,從審計風暴到新聞發(fā)言人制度的建立,從政務公開到黨務公開,中國社會在滿足公眾的知情權方面邁出了堅實的一步。這表明

 ① 社會主義民主建設在不斷發(fā)展完善     ②民主是社會主義的生命   

 ③ 民主發(fā)展程度受社會經(jīng)濟條件的制約   ④社會主義民主的本質(zhì)是人民當家作主

 A.①②③         B.②③④              C.①②④            D.①③④

 32.按照民主行政的要求,加快我國政府職能轉變,建設廉潔高效務實政府,應該

 ①依法界定政府的管理職能    ②深化行政審批制度   

 ③加強社會管理和共服務      ④建立社會聽證和公示制度

 A.①       B.①②        C.①②③     D.①②③④

 1989年,中共中央制訂了《堅持和完善中國共產(chǎn)黨領導的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商制度的意見》即“14號文件”。1993年八屆全國人大一次會議,將“中國共產(chǎn)黨領導的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商制度將長期存在和發(fā)展”寫入憲法。據(jù)此回答33―35題:

 33.國家這樣做的政治意義是

 ①標志著我國多黨合作制度完成了憲法化進程   

 ②提升了多黨合作制度在國家政治生活中的地位   

 ③為在實踐中更好地堅持和完善這一制度提供了法律依據(jù)   

④這一制度寫入憲法是歷史產(chǎn)物,也是時代要求

A.①②③        B.②③④          C.①③④              D.①②④

34.中共中央制訂了《堅持和完善中國共產(chǎn)黨領導的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商制度的意見》。表明A.中國共產(chǎn)黨對國家實行政治領導 

B.中國共產(chǎn)黨對國家實行組織領導

C.中國共產(chǎn)黨對國家實行思想領導 

D.中國共產(chǎn)黨依法行政、民主執(zhí)政、科學執(zhí)政

35.各民主黨派對中國共產(chǎn)黨的監(jiān)督是以“不以拉下臺為目的的監(jiān)督”,是最有效的監(jiān)督。之所以是最有效的監(jiān)督是因為

①是為了執(zhí)政黨把工作搞好       ②是在中國共產(chǎn)黨監(jiān)督下的監(jiān)督   

③ 這樣的監(jiān)督執(zhí)政黨容易接受    ④這種監(jiān)督有利于執(zhí)政黨地位的穩(wěn)固

A.①②③        B.②③④            C.①③④          D.①②④

 

第Ⅱ卷(綜合題,共160分)

36.讀下列材料,回答問題:(36分)

材料一:我國商品糧基地分布圖。

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材料二:我國糧食生產(chǎn)地11個省(黑、吉、遼、冀、魯、豫、蘇、皖、贛、湘、鄂)耕地及糧食生產(chǎn)占全國總量的百分比圖。

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(1)甲、乙兩商品糧基地糧食生產(chǎn)的特點主要有哪些不同(16分)

 

 

 

(2)與丙相比,甲商品糧基地發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢有哪些(6分)

 

 

(3)我國糧食生產(chǎn)適當集中的布局,這樣布局的主要優(yōu)點是有哪些(8分)

 

 

(4)簡述丁省珠江三角洲商品糧基地地位不斷喪失的原因。(6分)

 

 

37.(32分)閱讀下列材料,回答問題。

    材料一:二戰(zhàn)期間,英國首相丘吉爾曾對美國總統(tǒng)羅斯福說:“總統(tǒng)先生……我從不為議會所困擾,但我事事都得與我的內(nèi)閣商量并獲得內(nèi)閣的支持。”美國和英國都是資本主義民主制度,但政治體制存在差異……

材料二:第2條中華民國之主權,屬于國民全體。 第4條中華民國以參議院、臨時大總統(tǒng)、國務員、法院,行使其統(tǒng)治權。 第6條國內(nèi)各民族一律平等,國民有人身、居住、  財

產(chǎn)、言論、結社、宗教信仰等自由。

                                         ――《中華民國臨時約法》

材料三:1911年在中國建立起美國政體的仿制品,真是荒唐可笑……這種政體悲慘地結束了,即悲慘地失敗了。然而,失敗的并不是這種政體,而是一代人。

――N.佩弗《遠東》

材料四:第1條中華人民共和國是工人階級領導的、以工農(nóng)聯(lián)盟為基礎的人民民主國家。 第2條中華人民共和國的一切權利屬于人民。人民行使權力的機關是全國人民代表大會和地方各級人民代表大會……  第86條中華人民共和國年滿十八周歲的公民,不分民族、種族、性別、職業(yè)、社會出身、宗教信仰、教育程度、財產(chǎn)狀況、居住期限,都有選舉權和被選舉權……

                                       ――1954年《中華人民共和國憲法》

(1)美國和英國各確立了怎樣的政治體制?你怎樣看待兩國實行的政治體制?(10分)

 

 

 

(2)材料二體現(xiàn)了哪些近代民主思想?說明了什么?(5分)

 

 

(3)材料三中“這種政體悲慘地失敗了”是指什么?對于“失敗的并不是這種政體,而是一代人”,你是怎么理解的?(5分)

 

 

 

試題詳情

2009屆高三化學各地月考試題匯編:化學與技術(3)

1.(2008年重慶一中高2009級月考學科網(wǎng)(Zxxk.Com))下列有關工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的敘述正確的是 學科網(wǎng)(Zxxk.Com)

A.用明礬凈水是因為Al3+水解生成的Al(OH)3膠粒具有很強的吸附性學科網(wǎng)(Zxxk.Com)

B.合成氨生產(chǎn)過程中采用高溫高壓條件都是為了提高N2、H2的轉化率學科網(wǎng)(Zxxk.Com)

C.硫酸工業(yè)中,在接觸室安裝熱交換器是為了利用硫鐵礦燃燒時放出的熱量學科網(wǎng)(Zxxk.Com)

D.工業(yè)上將氨轉變?yōu)橄跛峒捌渌幕衔锸堑墓潭?img src="http://pic.1010jiajiao.com/pic4/docfiles/down/test/down/a59d6ded1a2dcf6e1ea5f31d82abebdf.zip/58580/file:///E:\cooco.net.cn\docfiles\down\test\down\%25&Ovr2\a59d6ded1a2dcf6e1ea5f31d82abebdf.zip\58580\2009屆高三化學各地月考試題匯編:化學與技術(3).files\image004.jpg" alt="學科網(wǎng)(Zxxk.Com)" >

2.(江寧高級中學08~09學年度第一學期高三年級12月月考三 校 聯(lián) 考 )(8分)鎂及其合金是一種用途很廣的金屬材料,目前世界上60%的鎂是從海水中提取的。某學校課外興趣小組從海水曬鹽后的鹽鹵(主要含Na+、Mg2+、Cl、Br等)中模擬工業(yè)生產(chǎn)來提取鎂,主要過程如下:回答下列問題:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1) 從過程①得到的Mg(OH)2沉淀中混有少量的Ca(OH)2 ,除去少量Ca(OH)2的方法是先將沉淀加入到盛有         溶液的燒杯中,

充分攪拌后經(jīng)       (填操作方法)可得純凈的Mg(OH)2。

(2) 右圖是該興趣小組設計進行過程③的實驗裝置圖:

其中裝置A的作用是                             

(3) 寫出過程④中發(fā)生反應的化學方程式               。

 

答案

     (1) MgCl2(或氯化鎂)  (2分)   過濾   洗滌 (2分)      

 (3)制備干燥的HCl氣體,抑制MgCl2的水解。 (2分)   (2分)

3. ( 天門中學2008年高二12月考試)工業(yè)上用鋁土礦(主要成分為Al2O3?xH2O、Fe2O3、SiO2等)提取純Al2O3做冶煉鋁的原料,提取時操作過程如下圖,指出圖中操作錯誤的是(A )

A.④⑤           B.③④           C.②⑤           D.①②

4 下列有關金屬冶煉的說法中,不正確的是(B )

w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

 

A.用電解熔融氯化鈉的方法得到活潑金屬鈉

B.在加熱的情況下利用氫氣還原三氧化二鋁得到金屬鋁

C.用鋁熱反應原理煉得熔點較高的金屬鉻

D.直接加熱HgO得到金屬Hg

5 (廈門雙十中學09屆高三化學檢測題)鋁是地殼中含量最多的金屬元素,1854年法國化學家德維爾用金屬鈉還原氯化鈉和氯化鋁的復鹽,獲得了金屬鋁單質(zhì)。1886年,美國人豪爾和法國人海郎特,分別獨立地電解熔融的氧化鋁和冰晶石的混合物,制得了金屬鋁,奠定了今天大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)鋁的基礎。

工業(yè)生產(chǎn)金屬鋁的原料是鋁土礦(主要成分為Al2O3,另含有Fe2O3和SiO2),工業(yè)中得到較純氧化鋁的過程如下圖所示:

                                                        CO2                    溶液B

        NaOH溶液         溶液A

鋁土礦                                             操作Ⅱ                                 △

操作Ⅰ                                                       不溶物B              氧化鋁

                                         不溶物A

試回答下列問題:

(1)操作Ⅰ是一種重要的混合物分離方法,實驗室進行該項操作用到的玻璃儀器有燒杯、

                  、                 。

(2)經(jīng)分析不溶物A的主要成分為                。

(3)工業(yè)上電解煉鋁的化學方程式為:                                           ,若電路中通過1mol電子,可以得到鋁             g

(4)為了提高綜合經(jīng)濟效益,實際工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中常將上述反應中的相關物質(zhì)循環(huán)利用。其部分轉化關系如下圖所示:

               水

                                                           物質(zhì)Y                                   物質(zhì)Z

                  高溫                                         ②

物質(zhì)X                                                                                              ③  溶液B

                                  ①

                                                          CO2         NaOH

 

 

①上述轉化中未涉及到四種基本反應類型中的                              反應;

②寫出轉化③的化學方程式(該反應在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中稱為苛化法)                        。

(5)科學研究表明,人體過量吸入鋁元素會嚴重危害身體健康。請你結合實際提出二條杜絕鋁元素過量吸入的措施:                                                        

 

w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

 

答案

(12分)(1)漏斗、玻璃棒(各1分,共2分)

(2)Fe2O3和SiO2(1分)(提示:Fe2O3不溶于水,且不與NaOH溶液反應;SiO2屬原子晶體,常溫下與NaOH反應的速率很慢)。

電解

(4)置換(1分);  Na2CO3+Ca(OH)2 = CaCO3↓+2NaOH(1分)

(5)不用鋁制品作炊具,不用鋁箔包裝食品。(2分,其他合理答案也給分)

5.(自貢市高2009級高三理科綜合能力測試“一模”) (本題14分)

    A、B、C為中學化學中常見的物質(zhì),它們之間有如下轉化關系:ABC。回答下列問題:

 (1)三種物質(zhì)中皆含有同一種元素,且該元素為短周期元素。

    ①若A為金屬單質(zhì),則B中所含的化學鍵為        ,C中的陽離子與陰離子的數(shù)目之比為    ;

    ②電閃雷鳴的雨天,高空中某些物質(zhì)間存在上述轉化關系,則A的化學式為              。

    ③若ABC為無機化工中的重要反應,其簡單流程圖如右圖所示:

甲裝置中發(fā)生反應的化學方程式為            

                                        。

  乙裝置中部的裝置叫                     ,其作用是                                                           。

(2)若A、B、C皆由碳、氫、氧三種元素組成,且A分于中電子總數(shù)為26,則m克C完全燃燒后的產(chǎn)物通入足量Na2O2中,Na2O2增重質(zhì)量為            g。

答案

w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

   (1)①離子鍵     2 :l(每空2分,共4分)

        ②N2(2分)

③4FeS2十11O22Fe2O3十8SO2

    熱交換器 

使氣體SO2、O2的溫度提高,提高反應速率;使SO3氣體溫度降低,便于SO3的吸收(每空2分,共6分)

(2) m  (2分)

6.(2008~2009學年度第一學期高三期中聯(lián)考)下列化工生產(chǎn)中所用設備與右邊化學反應方程式對應錯誤的是(D  )

    A.石油工業(yè):裂化裝置         C16H34            C8H18  + C8H16 

    B.硫酸工業(yè):沸騰爐           4FeS2 +11 O22Fe2O3+ 8SO2    

    C.煉鐵工業(yè):高爐             Fe2O3 + 3CO2Fe + 3CO2

    D.氯堿工業(yè):電解槽           Cl2 + 2NaOHNaCl + NaClO + H2

7、(2009屆浙江富陽二中高三年級第二次月測)(10分)海洋約占地球表面積的71%,是一個遠未完全開發(fā)的巨大化學資源寶庫,海水水資源的利用和海水化學資源的利用具有非常廣闊的前景。

回答下列問題:

⑴ 海水淡化處理多用蒸餾法。右圖是海水蒸餾原理示意圖。蒸餾法的特點是設備結構、操作簡單,淡水質(zhì)量好,但也具有明顯的缺陷。

①     你認為蒸餾法進行海水淡化的主要缺陷是           

                                                                         

② 我省某沿海地區(qū)擬采用蒸餾法興建一座大型海水淡化工廠,為克服蒸餾法海水淡化的缺陷,請你為該地區(qū)提出一條合理化建議                                   ;

⑵ 海水淡化后得到的淡水應進行技術處理后才能得到完全滿足生產(chǎn)、生活要求的水,使用離子交換樹脂與水中的離子進行交換是常用的水處理技術。聚丙烯酸鈉是一種離子交換樹脂,寫出聚丙烯酸鈉單體的結構簡式                                 ;

⑶ 從海水中可以獲取食鹽、鎂、鉀、溴及其化工產(chǎn)品?諝獯党龇ㄊ悄壳皬暮K刑崛′宓某S梅椒ǎ唧w流程如下:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

①     實驗室中粗鹽提純的過程中添加的試劑及順序:__________________________;

在反應②得到的溶液中通入空氣、水蒸汽的作用是                             

② 反應①、反應③的離子方程式分別為                                      ;

⑷ 上述流程中虛線方框內(nèi)生產(chǎn)流程的作用是                                 

8、(2009屆浙江富陽二中高三年級第二次月測)下列關于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)說法錯誤的是                                   

  A.在侯氏制堿工業(yè)中,向飽和氯化鈉溶液中先通氨氣,后通二氧化碳

B.在硫酸工業(yè)、合成氨工業(yè)、硝酸工業(yè)中,皆采用循環(huán)操作提高原料利用率

C.在氯堿工業(yè),電解槽被離子交換膜隔成陰極室和陽極室

D.工業(yè)上采用電解熔融氯化鋁的方法制取金屬鋁

 

 

w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

 

 

 

試題詳情

2009屆高考百所名校模擬精華重組卷物理(六)新課標卷學科網(wǎng)(Zxxk.Com)

學科網(wǎng)(Zxxk.Com)

第Ⅰ卷  (選擇題  共48分)學科網(wǎng)(Zxxk.Com)

試題詳情

文本框:          考場號_____  考試號________________  學號_____  班級___________座位號__________    姓名_____________ 
………………密……………封……………線……………內(nèi)……………不……………要……………答……………題………………
江蘇省南通市08-09年度第二學期九校聯(lián)考

  高三英語 答題卷     2009.3

題號

總分

合分人

核分人

1―10

 

得分

 

 

 

 

 

 

得分

評卷人

 

 

 

第四部分:任務型閱讀(共10題;每小題1分,滿分10分)

 

1.               2.               3.               4.               5.             

6.               7.               8.               9.               10.         

得分

評卷人

 

 

 

 第五部分:書面表達(滿分25分)

    How to build an economized society

       Our government is aiming to build an economized society.It is everybody’s duty work hard to achieve this goal including us students.

                                                                              

                                                                             

                                                                             

                                                                              

                                                                             

                                                                             

                                                                              

                                                                             

                                                                             

                                                                              

                                                                             

                                                                             

                                                                                                                                                            

                                                                             

                                                                             

                                                                              

                                                                             

                                                                                                                                                            

                                                                             

                                                                             

試題詳情

江蘇省南通市08-09年度第二學期九校聯(lián)考

高三英語答案 09.3

1-5 ABCBC  6-10 AABAC  11-15 BACBB  16-20 CCABA

21-25 ADDBC  26-30 CDBBD  31-35 CCBAA
36―40 BABCA    41―45 CDDBC     46―50 DBDCA    51―55 CBADA

56-59 C A D D  60-63 D B C A    64-67 DDBD    68-70BCD

71. qualities  72. clean  73. potential/capability   74. component/composition  

75. change/modify  76. effects  77. problem/trouble/headache  78. fall 

79. prediction  80. result/ consequence /outcome

One possible version:

How to build an economized society

       Our government is aiming to build an economized society.It is everybody’s duty work hard to achieve this goal including us students.

       Recently, the statistics in the report of one certain school in two school terms suggest that the expenses of electricity, water and paper are surprisingly large and growing rapidly, which draws our attention.

       As a common member of society, we must keep the following points in our minds.First, make sure that the lights and all the other electric facilities are turned off when we finish our work and leave the room.Secondly, try to form the habit of turning off the tap after it is used and the waste water can be reused for more purposes before being thrown into sewers.Thirdly, save paper as much as possible in our everyday life.It is even better to reuse it.

       In a word, if we pay much attention to our everyday behavior and take actions to reduce waste, we can make contributions to an economized society.

 

 

 

 

w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

www.ks5u.com

 

試題詳情

江蘇省南通市08-09年度第二學期九校聯(lián)考

高三英語試卷 09.3

第一部分:聽力(共20題,每題1分,滿分20分)

第一節(jié)  聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應的位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒種的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

1.How did the woman learn about the job opening?

A.A friend told her about it.             B.She saw an ad in the newspaper.

C.She heard about it during a television interview.

2.What does the woman mean?

A.She had attended the lecture on Friday morning.

B.She got mixed up with the dates.       C.The man doesn’t need to remind her.

3.Where does this conversation most probably take place?

A.In a café.          B.In a kitchen.           C.In a store.

4.What does the man suggest?

A.The woman will be more careful next time.

B.They try to think of a solution.           C.They come downstairs.

5.Why is Tracy so happy?

A.She has received the latest issue of the journal.

B.She has won a prize for her research.     C.She has got her paper published.

第二節(jié)  聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各個小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。

6.What’s the relationship between the speakers?

    A.Husband and wife.        B.Doctor and patient.      C.Doctor and nurse.

7.Why doesn’t the man’s head hurt that much?

A.Because he’s frightened.          B.Because he’s feeling much better.

C.Because he’s treated.

聽第7段材料,回答第8至11題。

8.What does the package the man chooses include?

A.Five nights’ accommodation and a five-minute walk.

B.A sightseeing tour on boat and accommodation.

C.The stay and transportation.

9.What can we learn from the conversation?

A.The man has just got married.         B.They will take boat to the destination.

C.The Maid of the Mist is the most beautiful scenery.

10.How much will the man pay for the trip?

A.$ 339.           B.$ 678.            C.$ 1,356.

11.What does the man think of the package?

A.Interesting.            B.Satisfactory.           C.Adventurous.

聽第8段材料,回答12、13題。

12.Who uses the Internet more longer every day?

A.The man.              B.The woman.             C.Their boss.

13.What do we know from the conversation?

A.All the information on the Internet is false.

B.The woman doesn’t know the Internet at all.

C.The man is very cautious when he does shopping online.

聽第9段材料,回答第14至17題。

14.What is the weather like this summer?

A.Hot and humid.            B.Very cool.           C.Rainy.

15.What kind of situation was the boy in last summer?

A.It rained every day so he had nothing to do but sleep.

B.He didn’t have an air-conditioner so he left the window wide-open every night.

C.He slept with no fan at all.

16.What do we know about the girl?

A.She doesn’t agree with the boy on last summer’s weather.

B.She is not accustomed to the heat.

C.She enjoys the summer holiday.

17.What is NOT true on Seattle according to the boy?

A.Seattle is a coastal city.

B.Seattle doesn’t get hot until late July.

C.It is rather humid in Seattle in summer.

聽第10段材料,回答第18至20題。

18.Who are the main characters of the science fiction book?

A.A group of soldiers.       B.A group of sailors.     C.Two young people.

19.Where and when does the romantic book set?

A.In China in the 1920s.               B.In China in the 1930s.

C.In England in the 1930s.

20.What type of book is the third book?

    A.A biography.           B.A historical novel.         C.A sports novel.

第二部分:英語知識運用(共兩節(jié),滿分35分)

第一節(jié) 單項填空(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)

從A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

21. When asked by his son to take him on a picnic lunch in ______ park, Mark told him they have to wait for ______ better time.
   A. the, a               B. a, a                 C. a, the               D. /, a

22. After being admitted to university, you’ll have to arrange most of the life ______ your own.
   A. by                  B. for                  C. of                   D. on
23. A large proportion of rural work force is now serving in different lines in the city, ______
leaving the old and the children in nearly empty nestles (家).
 A. then                 B. and                C. so                   D. thus
24. It has become a nationwide requirement that every student ______ have daily exercise for one hour.
   A. must                 B. should                 C. will               D. need
25. -Kate, may I use your bike for a moment?
   -Sorry, it ______, so I’m afraid it’s not available at the moment.  
  A. is repaired         B. has been repaired     C. is being repaired   D. has repaired    
26. He found it dull to be kept in the same class with the other students, for his English was ______ above the beginners’ level.
   A. obvious rather      B. obvious much        C. obviously well   D. obviously fairly
27. Toys of the children today hardly bear any resemblance to ______ of ______ when we were little kids.
   A. that, ours           B. those, us            C. that, us         D. those, ours

28. Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hour operation to have ______ one-year-old twins at the head.
  A. isolated        B. separated      C. divided     D. removed
29. For more information, please send an e-mail, ______ you can also include your suggestions to us.
    A. when               B. where              C. which          D. that
30. He told me that he had mailed part of the samples and that the rest ______ in a few days.
   A. was following       B. have followed       C. has followed       D. were following
31. _____, the work can be done much better.       
  A. Give more time   B. Giving more time    C. More time given     D. If giving more tine

32. Tom couldn’t see there was any point in _______ they had been investigating, so he dropped out.
    A. which                B. where                C. what              D. that
33. What we have been doing may not do us any good, but ______ it will benefit us or others, we’ll stick it out.
   A. no matter            B whether               C. however           D. despite
34. When we got to the scenic spot, they found everything ______ while I felt ______.
   A. interesting, differently                B. interesting, different  
  C. interestingly, differently              D. interestingly, different   
35. -----(At the doctor’s) It’s nothing serious, doctor?       -----No, _______.

A. you’ll be all right soon               B.you won’t be all right soon

C.       there’s some trouble with you          D.it’s very serious

第二節(jié) 完形填空(共20小題,每小題1分,滿分20分)

閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從36-55各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳答案。

I got a guitar for my birthday, and since then I have been struggling. It has awakened   36  side of myself within me. And it couldn’t have happened at a   37   time.

I’m a senior, I’m going to graduate soon and I know what   38   I’m going to. And now I have to deal with this little voice in my head constantly ­  39  me that I’m going to be a rock star, not a scientist.

A few weeks ago I was given the   40  simple task of writing a short story. I sat down to   _41  a beautiful work of fiction that would   42   my teacher and classmates. To be honest, this is an area I generally feel very   43   in. I really   44   it and such writing tasks used to take the least amount of time. So I was trying to write my story, and   45   the room lay my beautiful birthday present.

“Once upon a time,” I wrote. Then I stopped,   46   in my chair, and stared for a moment at the   47  . Its dark red paint was   48   and I could see my reflection (倒影) in its perfect surface. And then my reflection started dancing and singing. I wasn’t   49  , but it sure was. I’d follow its   50  . So I seized my guitar and plucked (撥動) a string. I sat rocking with my guitar until late   51   the night. I was sure I was preparing for the   52   much more efficiently now that I wasn’t spending time writing stories.  

       Needless to say, no story was written, and many   53   arose in my mind. Since then, I have constantly asked, “Am I   54   for not wanting to do my work anymore?” More importantly,   55  , I’ve learned I really am going to be a rock star.

36.A.outer               B.a(chǎn)nother                   C.interesting              D.relaxing

37.A.worse                     B.better                           C.more certain           D.more modern

38.A.concert                   B.college                   C.place                     D.city

39.A.teaching                 B.a(chǎn)dvising                 C.reminding              D.fooling

40.A.seemingly        B.a(chǎn)ctually                  C.obviously               D.partly

41.A.plan                       B.carry                     C.create                    D.continue

42.A.ruin                       B.a(chǎn)muse                    C.a(chǎn)dmire                   D.surprise

43.A.happy                    B.rich                       C.fortunate                D.strong

44.A.understand       B.enjoy                     C.feel                       D.mind

45.A.below                    B.beside                    C.a(chǎn)cross                    D.outside

46.A.digested                 B.edited                    C.stayed                    D.turned

47.A.paper                     B.instrument              C.floor                      D.desk

48.A.running           B.fading                    C.deepening              D.shining

49.A.playing                  B.dreaming               C.moving                  D.repeating

50.A.lead                B.music                    C.speed                     D.rule

51.A.of                          B.a(chǎn)t                          C.into                       D.for

52.A.university        B.future                    C.life                        D.exam

53.A.doubts             B.fears                      C.discussions             D.problems

54.A.curious            B.lazy                       C.a(chǎn)lone                     D.normal

55.A.though                   B.therefore                C.otherwise               D.even

第三部分:閱讀理解(共15小題,每小題2分,滿分30分)

閱讀下面短文,從題后所給的A、B、C、D四個答案中選出最佳選項。

A

BEUING (Associated Press 美聯(lián)社) ― China has a growing middle class, a tradition of expecting education and 21 million new babies every year.Selling educational toys should be easy.

     While China may be the world’s biggest toy maker, many of the best are exported.Department stores here do not have enough high quality toys.It is said that the demand for educational toys is low.A US company, BabyCare, is trying to change that with a new way to sell toys in China.

       BabyCare works basically together with doctors in Beijing hospitals.People who join the company’s “mother club” can get lectures and newsletters on baby and child development at no extra cost, if they agree to spend 18 dollars a month on the company’s educational toys and childcare books.

       “We want to build a seven-year relationship with those people,” said Matthew J.Estes, BabyCare’s president.“It starts during pregnancy, when the anxiety and needs are highest.” BabyCare works on a one-to-one basis.Doctors, nurses, and teachers paid by BabyCare advise parents, explain toys that are designed for children at each stage of development to age six.

BabyCare opened its first store in China last June in a shopping center in central Beijing and another near Beijing Zoo.It plans to have 80 stores in China within six years.

       It is a new model for China and develops a market in young children’s education and health that no other companies are in.

56.What do the first two paragraphs mainly tell us?

       A.Educational toys and foreign toy markets.

      B.Problems with China’s toy market and education.

      C.Reasons for pushing sales of educational toys in China.

      D.Baby population and various kinds of toys made in China.

57.Which of the following is a fact according to the passage?

      A.Club members buy BabyCare products for free child care advice.

      B.Doctors in Beijing help in making BabyCare products.

      C.Parents are encouraged to pay $ 18 for club activities.

      D.BabyCare trains Chinese doctors at no extra cost.

58.BabyCare is developing its business in China by ________.

       A.opening stores in Beijing hospitals         B.setting up children’s education centers

       C.offering 18-month courses on child care   D.forming close relationships with parents

59.Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the passage?

       A.Mothers’ Club in China.                 B.BabyCare and Doctors.

       C.American Company Model.            D.Educational Toys in China.

B

When we walk through the city, we all experience a kind of information overload but we pay attention only to those that are important to us.We don’t stop, we keep our faces expressionless and eyes straight ahead, and in doing so, we are not just protecting ourselves but are avoiding overloading other people as well.

       We make use of stereotypes(刻板的模式) as convenient ways to make quick judgments about situations and people around us. They may not always be accurate, and they can often be dangerously wrong, but they are used regularly.

       The problem with the stereotypes is that they restrict experience. By using limited clues to provide us with a rapid opinion of other people or places we may choose to limit our communication. We may decide not to go to certain places because we believe they will not offer something we enjoy.

       In the city, styles of dress are particularly important with regard to self-presentation. Different groups often use clearly identifiable styles of clothes so that they can be easily recognized. It is becoming increasingly common for brand names to be placed on the outside of clothes, and this labeling makes it easy to send out information about fashion and price instantly, and lets other tell at a distance whether an individual has similar tastes and is a suitable person to associate with.

       In England, where social grouping or class continues to make social distinctions, clothes, hairstyles, people’s pronunciation and the manner of speaking are all clues to our social group. Class distinctions tend to be relatively fixed, although in the city where greater variety is permitted, they are more likely to be secondary determining factors of friendship and association.

60.People walking in cities ignore the surroundings because     .

     A.they do not wish to talk to other people      B.everyone else is expressionless

     C.the environment is already familiar to them  D.there is too much information to take in

61.According to the passage, the main disadvantage of using stereotypes is that they      .

       A.a(chǎn)re likely to lead us into dangerous situations

       B.may make us miss some pleasant experience

       C.can rarely be relied on                D.make us mentally lazy

62.From the passage we may conclude that       .

       A.stereotypes can help to understand people fully

B.people are becoming more interested in fashion

       C.dressing can send messages about individuals

       D.stereotypes can do more harm than good to people

63.It would appear that in England, a person’s class      .

       A.might be less important in making friends in a city

       B.is mainly determined by his pronunciation

*       C.plays less of a role than it did in the past  

D.is something that can be changed easily

 

C

Special Bridges Help Animals Cross the Road

―Reported by Sheila Carrick

       Why did the chicken cross the road? To get to the other side.

       Most people know this joke.  But recently, some people have been much more worried about how the grizzly bear (灰熊) and mountain lion can cross the road.

       “Millions of animals die each year on U.S. roads,” the Federal Highway Administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today. The main reason? Roadkill.

       “Ecopassages” may help animals cross the road without being hit by cars.  They are paths both over and under roads.  “These ecopassages can be extremely useful, so that wildlife can avoid road accidents,” said Jodi Hilty of the Wildlife Protection Society.

       But do animals actually use the ecopassages?  The answer is yes. Paul Beier of Northern Arizona University found foot marks left by mountain lions on an ecopassage that went under a highway.  This showed that the lions used the passage.

Builders of ecopassages try to make them look like a natural part of an area by planting trees on and around them. Animals seem to be catching on. Animals as different as salamanders (火蜥蜴) and grizzly bears are using the bridges and underpasses.

       The next time you visit a park or drive through an area with a lot of wildlife, look around.  You might see an animal overpass!

64. The writer uses the example of “ocelots” to show that _______.

A. wild animals have become more dangerous

B. the driving conditions have improved greatly

C. the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work

D. an increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents

65. From the news story, we know an ecopassage is ________.

A. an underground path for cars                            B. a fence built for the safety of the area

C. a bridge for animals to get over a river              D. a path for animals to cross the road

66. When the writer says that animals seem “to be catching on”, he means ________.

A. animals begin to realize the dangers on the road

B. animals begin to learn to use ecopassages

C. animals are crossing the road in groups       D. animals are increasing in number

67. The writer asks visitors and drivers to look around when traveling because ________.

A. wild animals may attack cars                     B. wild animals may jam the road

C. they may see wild animals in the park  D. they may see wild animals on ecopassages

D

  As you dash outdoors in the middle of winter, you might make it halfway down the block before realizing that your ears are freezing because you forgot your hat.

Now, scientists have shown that even though you’ve had an apparent memory lapse(喪失),your brain never forgot what you should have done.

Memory works mainly by association(聯(lián)想). For example, as you try to remember where you left your keys, you might recall you last had them in the living room, which reminds you that there was an ad for soap on television, which reminds you that you need soap, and so on. And then, as you’re heading out the door to buy soap, you remember that your keys are on the kitchen counter.

Your brain knew where the keys were all along, it just took a round-about way to get there.

Now, scientists at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies are studying associative memory in monkeys to figure out just how this complicated process works.

First, the researchers trained a group of monkeys to remember arbitrary pairs of symbols. The researchers showed the monkeys one symbol(cold weather)and then gave them the choice of two other symbols, one of which (a hat)would be associated with the first. A correct choice would earn them a sip of their favorite juice.

Most of the monkeys performed the test perfectly, but one kept making mistakes.

“We wondered what happened in the brain when the monkeys made the wrong choice, although they apparently learned the right pairing of symbols,” said study leader Thomas Albright.

Albright and his team observed signals from the nerve cells in the monkey’s inferior temporal cortex(ITC), an area of its brain used for visual pattern recognition and for storing this type of memory.

As the monkey was deciding which symbol to choose, about a quarter of the activity in the ITC was due to the choice behavior.

Meanwhile, more than half of the activity was in a different group of nerve cells, which scientists believe represent the monkey’s memory of the correct symbol pairing, and surprisingly, these cells continued to fire even when the monkey chose the wrong symbol.

“In this sense, the cells ‘knew’ more than the monkeys let on in their behavior,” Albright said. “Thus, behavior may vary, but knowledge endures.”

68. The example of the keys and soap is given to explain the relationship between______.

   A. memory lapse and human brain       B. memory and association

C. memory and television ads           D. memory and our daily life

69. Which of the following best explains the general idea of the text?

   A. Your brain may forget something, but not always.

B. Activity is a round-about way to memory.

C. Your brain remembers what you forget.      D. Monkeys have better memory than us.

70. The underlined word “endures” may best be replaced by ________.

   A. disappears       B. increases        C. improves        D. remains

第四部分:任務型閱讀(共10小題,每小題1分,滿分10分)

認真閱讀下列短文,并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當?shù)膯卧~。

注意:每空格1個單詞。

Scientists develop non-stick chewing gum

Scientists have developed a non-stick chewing gum that can be easily removed from pavements, shoes and clothes.

The new gum, the result of polymer research at the University of Bristol, could be launched commercially in 2008, its developers said on Friday.

If it catches on, the product will solve a major headache for local authorities around the world.

"The advantage of our Clean Gum is that it has a great taste, it is easy to remove and has the potential to be environmentally degradable(可降解性)," said Terence Cosgrove, a professor of chemistry who helped found a company called Revolymer to commercialize the technology.

Today's chewing gums are made from synthetic latex, which is resistant to the weather and is strongly adhesive. The new gum adds a special polymer to modify its properties, making it far less sticky.

In two street trials, leading commercial gums remained stuck to the pavement three out or four times, while Clean Gum came away naturally in all cases, Revolymer said.

Title: Scientists develop non-stick chewing gum

Main Items

Contexts

High    71  

1. The new gum has a great taste.

2. It is easy to  72  up.

3. It has the  73  to be environmentally degradable.

A different   74 

The new gum adds a special polymer to  75  its properties.

The    76  

1. The new gum will solve a major  77  for local authorities around the world.

2. The new gum can  78  off naturally in all cases.

The developers’  79

The new gum, the  80  of polymer research at the University of Bristol, could be launched commercially in 2008.

第四部分:任務型閱讀(共10小題,每小題1分,滿分10分)

Main Items

Contexts

High    71  

1. The new gum has a great taste.

2. It is easy to  72  up.

3. It has the  73  to be environmentally degradable.

A different   74 

The new gum adds a special polymer to  75  its properties.

The    76  

1. The new gum will solve a major  77  for local authorities around the world.

2. The new gum can  78  off naturally in all cases.

The developers’  79

The new gum, the  80  of polymer research at the University of Bristol, could be launched commercially in 2008.

71. ______________   72. ______________   73. ______________   74. _____________ 

75. ______________   76. ______________   77. ______________   78. _____________ 

79. ______________   80. ______________  

第五部分 書面表達 (共25分)

閱讀下面的短文,然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。

我國正提倡建設“節(jié)約型社會”,下圖為某校兩個學期用水、用電、用紙的情況。請對其進行簡要分析,以“How to build an economized society”為題,寫一篇作文,談談自己的想法。

文章須包括以下要點:

 

 

      

節(jié)電

及時關閉電類、電腦等用電設備

節(jié)水

隨手關閉水龍頭;廢水再利用

節(jié)紙

紙張再利用

補充

自己日常生活所感所為

      

      

                        

      

      

 

 

 

 

 

 

注意:

 1.詞數(shù):150,短文標題、開頭已給出,但不計入總詞數(shù)。

 

 2.內(nèi)容可適當發(fā)揮,注意行文貫通。

 

How to build an economized society

       Our government is aiming to build an economized society.It is everybody’s duty work hard to achieve this goal including us students.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

 

 

 

試題詳情

2009屆高考百所名校模擬精華重組卷物理(四)新課標卷學科網(wǎng)(Zxxk.Com)

學科網(wǎng)(Zxxk.Com)

第Ⅰ卷  (選擇題  共48分)學科網(wǎng)(Zxxk.Com)

試題詳情

2009屆高三化學各地月考試題匯編:化學與技術(2)

1、(浙江省富陽新中2008(上)高三期中考試) (本題9分)碳酸鈉是造紙、玻璃、紡織、制革等行業(yè)的重要原料。工業(yè)碳酸鈉(純度約98%)中含有Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe3+、Cl和SO等雜質(zhì),提純工藝路線如下:

文本框:

 

 

 

 

                                題24圖-1

已知碳酸鈉的溶解度(S)隨溫度變化的曲線如圖(題24圖-2)所示:

回答下列問題:

   (1)濾渣的主要成分為_________________________。

(2)“趁熱過濾”的原因是______________________

                                                 。

(3)在實驗室做Na2CO3?H2O脫水實驗,判斷其脫水完全的方法是:

____________________                         _。

(4)已知:Na2CO3?10H2O(s)=Na2CO3(s)+10H2O(g);ΔH1= +532.36 kJ?mol-1

        Na2CO3?10H2O(s)=Na2CO3?H2O(s)+9H­2O(g);ΔH2= +473.63 kJ?mol-1

寫出Na2CO3?H2O脫水反應的熱化學方程式_________________________________。

答案.(1)   Mg(OH)2、Fe(OH)3、CaCO3。 (2分,漏1-2個,扣1分)

(2)   “趁熱過濾”的原因是使析出的晶體為Na2CO3?H2O,防止因溫度過低而析出Na2CO3?10H2O晶體,令后續(xù)的加熱脫水耗時長。                     (2分)

       (3)   連續(xù)兩次稱量的質(zhì)量差不超過0.1g。            (2分)

  (4)Na2CO3?H2O(s)=Na2CO3(s)+H­2O(g);ΔH2= +58.73kJ?mol-1

         (熱化學方程規(guī)范2分,反應熱數(shù)值1分,共3分)

2.(桐鄉(xiāng)高級中學高三化學10月考試卷)下列有關化工生產(chǎn)的說法中,不正確的是                                

A.工業(yè)上用熱還原法冶煉鐵:Fe2O3 +3CO3CO2 +2Fe

B.適當提高合成氨原料氣中N2的含量,可提高H2的轉化率

C.在鐵管上鍍鋅,用鐵管作陽極,鋅塊作陰極

D.利用反應:NaCl(飽和)+CO2+NH3+H2O=NaHCO3↓+NH4Cl制取NaHCO3時,應先通入過量的NH3,再通入過量的CO2

3.(2008年秋季湖北省部分重點中學期中聯(lián)考)中學化學中涉及到一些重要的化學工業(yè),以下有關化工生產(chǎn)敘述正確的是( C )

A.氯氣通入到飽和的石灰水中可制得大量漂粉精

B.鈉可把鈦、鋯、鈮、鉭等金屬從它們的鹵化物溶液里還原出來

C.工業(yè)上,用SiO2+2CSi+2CO↑制得粗硅

D.接觸法制H2SO4在接觸室中SO2氧化條件一般選擇高溫、高壓、催化劑

4.( 河南省鄲城一高09高三化學尖子生第三考試)黃銅礦(CuFeS2)是制取銅及其化合物的主要原料之一,還可以制備硫及鐵的化合物。

⑴冶煉銅的反應為:8CuFeS2+21O28Cu+4FeO+2Fe2O3+16SO2

若CuFeS2中Fe的化合價為+2,反應中被還原的元素是           (填元素符號)。

⑵上述冶煉過程產(chǎn)生大量SO2。下列處理方案中合理的是           (填代號)。

a.高空排放                     b.用于制備硫酸

c.用純堿溶液吸收制Na2SO4         d.用濃硫酸吸收

⑶過二硫酸鉀(K2S2O8)具有強氧化性,可將I-氧化為I2:S2O82-+2I-=2SO42-+I2

通過改變反應途徑,F(xiàn)e3+、Fe2+均可催化上述反應。試用離子方程式表示Fe3+對上述反應催化的過程。                          、                         (不必配平)

⑷利用黃銅礦冶煉銅產(chǎn)生的爐渣(含F(xiàn)e2O3、FeO、SiO2、Al2O3)可制備Fe2O3。方法為

①用稀鹽酸浸取爐渣,過濾。

②濾液先氧化,再加入過量NaOH溶液,過濾,將沉淀洗滌、干燥、煅燒得Fe2O3。

a.除去Al3+的離子方程式是                              。

b.選用提供的試劑,設計實驗驗證爐渣中含有FeO。

提供的試劑:稀鹽酸   稀硫酸    KSCN溶液  KMnO4溶液  NaOH溶液  碘水

所選試劑為                             。

證明爐渣中含有FeO的實驗現(xiàn)象為                                     

答案.⑴Cu、O;⑵b、c;⑶2Fe3++2I-=2Fe2++I2;S2O82-+2Fe2+=2SO42-+2Fe3+;⑷a:2Al3++4OH-=AlO2-+2H2O[或Al3++4OH-=Al(OH)4-];b:稀硫酸、KMnO4溶液;稀硫酸浸取爐渣所得溶液使KMnO4溶液褪色

 

5.( 河南省鄲城一高09高三化學尖子生第三考試)工業(yè)上將S02轉化為SO3是在接觸室(如右圖)里進行的,中部是一個熱交換器,它是用導熱性能好的管狀材料制成。溫度低的氣體從管外流過;經(jīng)上層催化反應后的熱氣體從管內(nèi)流過,通過導熱材料進行氣體與氣體的熱交換。 中學化學實驗中也有許多需要進行熱交換,下列實驗中不需要進行熱交換的是(A)

  A.電解水       B.實驗室制取少量氨氣

  C.測定中和熱   D.制取乙酸乙酯  

6.( 河南省鄲城一高09高三化學尖子生第二考試)(8分)碳酸錳(MnCO3)是理想的高性能強磁性材料,也是制備Mn2O3、MnO2等錳的氧化物的重要原料,廣泛用于電子、化工、醫(yī)藥等行業(yè)。一種制備MnCO3的生產(chǎn)流程如下圖所示。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

已知生成氫氧化物的pH和有關硫化物的Ksp如下表:

 

物質(zhì)

Fe(OH)3

Fe(OH)2

Mn(OH)2

開始沉淀pH

2.7

7.6

8.3

完全沉淀pH

3.7

9.6

9.8

 

 

 

 

 

物質(zhì)

MnS

CuS

PbS

Ksp

2.5×1013

6.3×1036

8.0×1028

 

軟錳礦主要成分為MnO2,其中含有鐵、鋁、硅的氧化物和少量重金屬化合物雜質(zhì),SO2來自工業(yè)廢氣。流程①中主要發(fā)生的反應有:MnO2 + SO2 = MnSO4   2Fe3+ + SO2 + 2H2O = 2Fe2+ + SO42 + 4H+。

(1)流程①中所得MnSO4溶液的pH比軟錳礦漿的pH      (填“大”或“小”),該流程可與       (填

工業(yè)生產(chǎn)名稱)聯(lián)合,生產(chǎn)效益更高。

(2)反應②的目的是將溶液中的Fe2+氧化成Fe3+,其離子反應方程式為                               ,

這樣設計的目的和原理是                

(3)反應③中硫化鈉的作用是使重金屬離子轉化為硫化物沉淀,碳酸鈣的作用是           。

(4)反應④發(fā)生的化學反應為:MnSO4+2NH4HCO3=MnCO3↓+(NH4)2SO4 +CO2↑+H2O。

反應中通常需加入稍過量的NH4HCO3 ,且控制溶液的pH為6.8~7.4。加入稍過量的NH4HCO3的目的是         ,溶液的pH不能過低的原因是                      。

(5)軟錳礦中錳的浸出有兩種工藝:

工藝A:軟錳礦漿與含SO2的工業(yè)廢氣反應工藝     B:軟錳礦與煤碳粉混合,焙燒后加稀硫酸溶解。

其中工藝A的優(yōu)點是                                  。(答對1個即可)

答案.(1)小,工業(yè)制備硫酸。 (2)MnO2 + 2Fe2+ + 4H+ = Mn2+ + 2Fe3+ + 2H2O。

使Fe2+ 轉變?yōu)镕e3+,F(xiàn)e3+完全沉淀的pH較低(或Fe3+更易沉淀)。

(3)與溶液中的酸反應,使溶液中的Fe3+、Al3+轉化為氫氧化物沉淀。

(4)使MnCO3沉淀完全。MnCO3沉淀量少,NH4HCO3與酸反應.(或MnCO3、NH4HCO3與酸反應溶解)

(5)節(jié)約能源、治理含SO2的工業(yè)廢氣等。(答對1個即可)

7、( 廣東天河中學09高三模擬)(12分)工業(yè)制硫酸生產(chǎn)流程如下圖:

98%硫酸

(1)在催化反應室,下列措施中有利于提高SO2平衡轉化率的有                    

A.升高溫度                 B.減少壓強      

C.不斷補充空氣             D.及時分離出SO3

(2)在生產(chǎn)中,為提高催化劑效率采取了哪些措施?   

A、凈化氣體                            B、控制溫度在400~500℃

 C、增大催化劑與反應氣體的接觸面積      D、不斷補充空氣

(3)已知2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g),ΔH=-196 kJ?mol-1。在450℃、常壓和釩催化條件下向一密閉容器中充入2molSO2和1molO2,充分反應后,放出的熱量______(填“<”“>”“=”)196kJ,理由是______________________________________________________。 

(4)經(jīng)檢測生產(chǎn)硫酸的原料氣成分(體積分數(shù))為SO27%、O211%、N282%。在500℃,0.1MPa條件下達到平衡時,各種氣體的體積比為V(SO2):V(SO3):V(O2):V(N2)=0.46:6.5:7.7:82,則SO2的利用率為                   

(5)生產(chǎn)硫酸過程中的尾氣通常用氨水吸收,請寫出該反應的化學反應方程式                               。

答案.  (1)C、D(2分)  (2)ABC(3分)

(3)① <(1分),在1atm和298K條件下,2mol SO2和1mol O2完全反應生成2mol SO3,放出196kJ熱量,該反應為可逆反應,不可能進行完全,又因為反應溫度為450℃,所以放出的熱量小于196kJ (2分)(4)93.4%  (2分)

(5)2NH3?H2O+SO3= (NH42SO4+ H2O(1分)2NH3?H2O+SO2=(NH42SO3 + H2O

8.(北京市朝陽區(qū)2008~2009學年度高三年級第一學期期中統(tǒng)練)從硫酸工業(yè)綜合經(jīng)濟效益出發(fā),下列做法合理的是                        (   A )

    ①對硫酸工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中產(chǎn)生的廢氣、廢渣、廢液實行綜合利用

    ②充分利用硫酸工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的“廢熱”

w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

    ③硫酸工廠應建在人口稠密的居民區(qū)

A.①②        B.②③       C.①③        D.①

9.(2008年呂叔湘中學高三化學試卷11月期中)合成氣(CO+H2)是一種重要的化工原料,在化工生產(chǎn)中具有十分廣泛的用途。其制備及運用的一種工藝流程如圖所示(其中X與X′的主要成分類似)。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

⑴ 在合成氣冶煉金屬鐵的流程中,向燃燒室中通入甲烷與氧氣的目的是         ,其最佳體積配比V(CH4)∶V(O2)為                     。

⑵ 甲醇、二甲醚(CH3OCH3)等物質(zhì)被稱為21世紀的新型燃料,具有清潔、高效等優(yōu)良的性能。寫出堿性條件下甲醇燃料電池的負極化學方程式:                          。

⑶ 某化工廠試圖使用上圖所示流程聯(lián)合生產(chǎn)甲醇、二甲醚、生鐵,你認為是否可行?若不可行,請說明理由;若可行,聯(lián)合生產(chǎn)有什么優(yōu)點?                            。

答案..⑴ 為還原鐵礦石提供熱量  1∶2

⑵ CH3OH+8OH- -6 e-=CO32-+6H2O

⑶ 可行  因為原料易得、原料利用率高、中間產(chǎn)物能有效地循環(huán)利用、產(chǎn)品結構的多樣化

11.(2008年呂叔湘中學高三化學試卷11月期中)七水硫酸鎂(MgSO4?7H2O)在印染、造紙和醫(yī)藥等工業(yè)上都有廣泛的應用,利用化工廠生產(chǎn)硼砂的廢渣-硼鎂泥可制取七水硫酸鎂。硼鎂泥的主要成分是MgCO3,還含有其他雜質(zhì)(MgO、SiO2、Fe2O3、FeO、CaO、Al2O3、MnO等)。

表1  部分陽離子以氫氧化物形式完全沉淀時溶液的pH

沉淀物

Al(OH)3

Fe(OH)3

Fe(OH)2

Mn(OH)2

Mg(OH)2

pH值

5.2

3.2

9.7

10.4

11.2

表2  兩種鹽的溶解度(單位為g/100g水)

溫度 / ℃

10

30

40

50

60

CaSO4

0.19

0.21

0.21

0.20

0.19

MgSO4?7H2O

30.9

35.5

40.8

45.6

/

硼鎂泥制取七水硫酸鎂的工藝流程如下:

根據(jù)以上流程圖并參考表格pH數(shù)據(jù)和溶解度數(shù)據(jù),試回答下列問題:

(1)過濾I的濾液中加入硼鎂泥,調(diào)節(jié)溶液的pH=5~6,再加入NaClO溶液加熱煮沸,將溶液中的Mn2+氧化成MnO2,反應的離子反應方程式為        。加熱煮沸的主要目的是_        。

(2)沉淀B中除MnO2、SiO2外還含有        (填化學式)等物質(zhì)。

(3)檢驗過濾Ⅱ后的濾液中是否含有Fe3的實驗方法是        ;

(4)沉淀C的化學式是        。過濾III需趁熱過濾的理由是       

答案.(1)Mn2++ClO+H2O=MnO2↓+2H+Cl(2分)

促進Al3、Fe3水解及Mn2氧化成MnO2(2分)

(2)Fe(OH)3(1分)   Al(OH)3(1分)

(3)取過濾II后的濾液1~2 ml于試管中,加入少量KSCN溶液,如果溶液不顯紅色,證明濾液中無Fe3(2分)

(4分)CaSO4?2H2O或CaSO4(1分)    以防MgSO4在溫度低時結晶析出。

12.(2009屆黃岡市外國語學校高三(上)10月質(zhì)量檢測)(10分)海洋是一個遠未完全開發(fā)的巨大化學資源寶庫,海洋資源的綜合利用具有非常廣闊的前景;卮鹣铝袉栴}:

(1)蒸餾法是人類最早使用的淡化海水的方法。你認為蒸餾法海水淡化最理想的能源是               ;

(2)海水綜合利用的流程圖如下。

 

 

 

 

 

用NaCl做原料可以得到多種產(chǎn)品。

① 工業(yè)上由NaCl制備金屬鈉的化學方程式是_______________________________。

② 實驗室用惰性電極電解100 mL0.1 mol/LNaCl溶液,若陰陽兩極均得到112 mL氣體(標準狀況),則所得溶液的pH為_________(忽略反應前后溶液的體積變化)。

③ 電解氯化鈉稀溶液可制備“84消毒液”,通電時氯氣被溶液完全吸收,若所得消毒液僅含一種溶質(zhì),寫出相應的化學方程式:____________________________。

④電解25%的飽和食鹽水200kg,當NaCl濃度下降到20%時,計算收集到氯氣的物質(zhì)的量為         。(溶于溶液的氯氣忽略不計,計算結果保留一位小數(shù))

答案.(1)太陽能等;

w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

(2) ① 2NaCl(熔)2Na+Cl2↑      ② 13

③ NaCl+H2O NaClO+H2

④97.7 mol

13.(09黃岡八測化學試卷一)(11分)二氧化錳、鋅是制造干電池的重要原料,工業(yè)上用軟錳礦(含MnO2)和閃鋅礦(含ZnS)聯(lián)合生產(chǎn)二氧化錳、鋅的工藝流程如下:

據(jù)此回答下列問題:

(1)操作I的名稱是        ,單質(zhì)A為          ,單質(zhì)B為          。

(2)上述電解過程中,當陰極生成6.5 g B時,陽極生成的MnO2的質(zhì)量為     g。

(3)利用鋁熱反應原理,可從軟錳礦中提取出單質(zhì)錳,寫出其化學方程式                     。

(4)用二氧化錳、鋅作兩極反應物,氯化銨為電解質(zhì)制作的干電池中,電池總反應為Zn+MnO2+NH4+ Zn2++Mn2O3+NH3+H2O(來配平),則其正極的電極反應式為                               。

答案..(1)過濾;S(或硫);Zn(或鋅)    (2)8.7   (3)3MnO2+4A12A12O3+3Mn

(4)2MnO2+2NH4++2= Mn2O3+2NH3↑+H2O

14.(湖南省張家界市2008-2009學年度高三10月份聯(lián)考 )(6分)某工廠廢氣中含有SO2,可將SO2轉化為(NH42SO4而除去。其過程為:將廢氣經(jīng)初步處理,使其中O2的體積分數(shù)為10%(這時SO2的體積分數(shù)為0.2%),并在400℃時以5m3/h的速率通過V2 O5觸媒層,然后與流量為25 L/h的NH3混合,再噴入流量為290 g/h的冷水,此時氣體溫度迅速從400℃下降至200℃,在結晶裝置中得到(NH42SO4晶體;卮鹣铝袉栴}。

   (1)使廢氣中SO2與O2的物質(zhì)的量之比為1:50,主要原因是             。

   (2)反應將SO2轉化為SO3是一個關鍵步驟。壓強及溫度對SO2轉化率的影響如下表:

           

 

已知SO2的氧化是放熱反應,利用表中數(shù)據(jù)推斷工業(yè)上應選用的生產(chǎn)條件是     ,選擇該條件的主要原因是                 。

   (3)有資料報道:“最近研制出一種性能優(yōu)越的催化劑,可以將SO2全部催化氧化為SO3!

你認為該報道可信嗎?      (填“可信”或“不可信”),其理由是         

   (4)合成氨時,原料N2不能用空氣代替,主要原因是                         。

                       。

答案.   (1)提高二氧化硫轉化率,增加氧氣的濃度,有利于平衡向生成三氧化硫的方向移動。

   (2)0.1MPa 400~500℃,  既可保持二氧化硫轉化率較高,又能降低成本,且該溫度下催化劑活性較好。

   (3)  不可信  二氧化硫與氧氣的反應是可逆反應,使用催化劑只能改變反應速率,不能使平衡移動,更不能全部轉化。

   (4)主要原因是在高溫下,空氣中的氧氣與氫氣混合會爆炸       。

15、(河北舞陽一高09高三10考)(12分)侯德榜是我國著名的工業(yè)化學家,又是一個偉大的愛國者,他所發(fā)明的制堿法為中國化學工業(yè)乃至世界化學工業(yè)作出了重要的貢獻,被譽為“侯氏制堿法”。請你回答以下問題:

(1)“侯氏制堿法”中的“堿”其實不是燒堿,而是純堿,請寫出向它的溶液中滴加少量稀鹽酸的離子方程式                              。

(2)某同學為了驗證NaHCO3和Na2CO3的穩(wěn)定性,設計了如圖1的實驗裝置,

(鐵架臺、夾持儀器、加熱裝置等已省略),你認為在X中應放的物質(zhì)是________。(填化學式)

(3)某化學研究性學習小組在老師的指導下,模擬侯德榜先生制堿原理設計了如圖2的實驗裝置(如圖)。

A.寫出儀器a的名稱:        

B.實驗的操作步驟中,你認為打開旋塞K1、K2的合理順序應為:先打開______, 后打開______,(填字母代號)簡述理由                                    

C.在盛飽和食鹽水的裝置中發(fā)生反應的離子方程式為:                                    

D.有同學認為:盛有飽和食鹽水的廣口瓶中存在設計缺陷,在不增加裝置的情況下,

如何改進                                                    

答案.(1) H+ + CO32-  =HCO3-   (2分)      (2)NaHCO3固體  (1分)

w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

(3) A. 分液漏斗     ( 1分)

B. 先K1,后K2.  (兩空全對2分;)

氨氣在水中溶解度很大,先通氨氣有利于二氧化碳的充分吸收,可提高制堿的效率。( 2分)

C.Na++NH3+CO2+H20 = NaHCO3↓+NH4(2分)(無↓扣1分)

D.加入CCl4并侵埋住導管(2分)

 

16、(河北舞陽一高09高三10考)(11分)物質(zhì)的轉化關系如下圖所示,其中甲可由兩種單質(zhì)直接化合得到,乙為金屬單質(zhì),F(xiàn)的溶液中只含一種溶質(zhì),G為酸,乙在G的濃溶液中發(fā)生鈍化。有的反應可能在水溶液中進行,有的反應中反應物和生成物未全部給出,反應條件也未注明。

 

 

 

 

⑴若用兩根玻璃棒分別蘸取A、G的濃溶液并使它們接近,有大量白煙生成;甲為一種淡黃色固體,D、F的溶液均呈堿性。則

①1.7 g A與O2反應生成氣態(tài)的B和C時放出22.67 kJ熱量,寫出該反應的熱化學方程式:__________________________________________________________

②B與甲反應的離子方程式是__________________________________。

③D的水溶液和F的水溶液中由水電離出的c(OH)___________(填字母序號)。

(a).前者大    (b).后者大     (c).一樣大    (d).不知濃度,無法比較

⑵若B為紅棕色固體,C能使品紅試液褪色,D的水溶液中加入HNO3酸化的AgNO3溶液有白色沉淀生成。則

①工業(yè)上反應Ⅰ在_____________中進行(填設備名稱),工業(yè)上反應III用于吸收E的試劑是 

w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

② D的水溶液呈       性(填“酸”、“堿”或“中”)

③反應I的化學方程式是                      

答案.⑴①4NH3(g)+5O2(g)=4NO(g)+6H2O(g);ΔH=-906.8 kJ?mol1(2分)

②2Na2O2+2H2O=4Na+4OH+O2↑;(2分)  ③(b)(2分)

⑵①沸騰爐;(1分)98.3%的硫酸  (1分)

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  • 高溫

    ③4FeS2+11O2 ==== 2Fe2O3+8SO2(2分)(無反應條件扣1分)

     

    17.(河北舞陽一高09高三10考)在硫酸的工業(yè)制法中,下列生產(chǎn)操作與生產(chǎn)操作的主要原因的說明都正確的是       (    )

           A.SO2氧化為SO3時采用常壓,因為高壓會降低SO2轉化率

           B.從沸騰爐出來的爐氣需要凈化,因為爐氣中SO2會與雜質(zhì)反應

           C.用98.3%的濃硫酸吸收,目的是防止形成酸霧,以便使SO3吸收完全

           D.SO2氧化為SO3時需要使用催化劑,這樣可以提高SO2的轉化率

    18. (湖北黃石二中09高三年級八月月考)工業(yè)接觸法制硫酸的流程如下圖所示:

    (1)寫出沸騰爐中發(fā)生反應的化學方程式:                                   。

    (2)從沸騰爐出來的氣體經(jīng)凈化干燥處理后進入接觸室,其氣體體積組成是:SO2 7 %,O2 11 %,N2 82 %。從接觸室出來的氣體中SO3的體積分數(shù)為7 %,則SO2的轉化率為              

    (3)接觸室采用常壓而不采用高壓的原因是__                                  。

    (4)在吸收塔中為什么用98.3 %的濃硫酸而不是用水吸收SO3?                  

    每100 g SO3氣體與H2O完全反應放出熱量162.9 kJ,該反應的熱化學方程式為                                              。

    (5) 某硫酸廠每天用含F(xiàn)eS2 60%的硫鐵礦500 t生產(chǎn)硫酸,如果在沸騰爐內(nèi)損失5%的硫,SO2的轉化率為90%。每天能生產(chǎn)98%的硫酸___          ______噸。

    答案.(1)4FeS2+11O2高溫===== 2Fe2O3+8SO2 (3分)

       (2)96.6 % (3分)  

    (3)常壓時SO2的轉化率已經(jīng)很高(1分),采用高壓對SO2的轉化率提高不多卻會大大增加設備成本(1分) 

    (4)水與SO3反應放出大量的熱,容易形成酸霧,不利于對SO3的吸收(2分)    

    SO3(g)+H2O(l)=== H2SO4(l);∆H=-130.3 kJ?mol-1          (3分)

    (5) 427.5 t(3分)

     

     

    w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

     

     

     

     

    試題詳情

    2009年3月高三第七次月考

    英     語

    本試卷分為四部分,共14頁?荚嚂r間120分鐘,分值150分。

    第一部分 聽力(共三節(jié),滿分30分)

    做聽力部分時,請先在試題卷上作答。聽力部分結束前,你將有兩分鐘的時間將第1至第17小題的答案轉涂在答題卡上,將第18至第20小題的答案轉寫到答題卡上。

    第一節(jié)(共5小題,每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)

    聽下面5段對話,每段對話后面有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后,你有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題,每段對話僅讀一遍。

    例:How much is the shirt?

    A. £19.15.                                      B. £9.15.                                 C. £9.18.

    答案是:B

    1. What is the woman’s job?

    A. A post-office clerk.               B. A bus conductor.            C. An operator.

    2. When does this conversation most probably take place?

         A. June.                               B. July.                       C. August.

    3. Why can’t the man get a table?

         A. There is no free table at the moment.

         B. There is a traffic jam at the moment.

         C. The woman is busy at lunch time.

    4. By the end of the conversation, how did the woman feel?

         A. Pizza fits the family’s taste.

         B. A woman beat her son to release her anger.

         C. The woman was hungry even though it’s 2:00a.m.

    5. What does the woman mean?

         A. She doesn’t like shopping.                     B. She doesn’t want to talk about her job.

    C. She doesn’t enjoy talking with the man.

    第二節(jié)(共12小題,每小題1.5分,滿分18分)

    聽下面4段對話。每段對話后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話讀兩遍。

    聽下面一段對話,回答第6至第8三個小題。

    6. What is the relationship between the speakers?

    A. Classmates.                   B. Colleagues.                   C. Couple.

    7. At what time is the weather report probably on TV?

    A. At 6:40.                          B. At 6:45.                          C. At 6:50.   

    8. What is the weather like this afternoon?          

    A. Fine and sunny.               B. Rainy and changeable.      C. Wet and rainy.

    聽下面一段對話,回答第9至第11三個小題。

    9. What are they talking about?

    A. House.                         B. Office.                                C. Furniture.

    10. Where is the woman from?

    A. New York.                    B. Boston.                           C. Washington.

    11. Where is the telephone?

    A. On top of the photocopier.                                  B. In front of the lamp.  

    C. Next to the plant.

    聽下面一段對話,回答第12至第14三個小題

    12. What does the woman want to buy?

    A. A bag.                           B. A pair of shoes.                   C. A sweater.

    13. How much does the woman spend at last?

    A. $ 54.                            B. $52.                             C. $50.

    14. What can we learn about the woman from the conversation?

    A. She will go to another shop.                                  B. She prefers blue to green.

    C. She is really good at bargaining.

    聽下面一段對話,回答第15至第17三個小題。

    15. Why is the man not so sure about the new job the woman is telling him about?

    A. Because it’s an unusual job that requires driving skills. 

    B. Because he lacks experience of international clothing trade.  

    C. Because the last job interview for him was unsuccessful.

    16. What kind of person does the company want to hire?

    A. Salesmen who can drive cars.

          B. University graduates with energy.

    C. Managers with working experience.

    17. What is the man’s attitude to the new job at last?

    A. He is not confident of it.                                         B. He feels doubtful about it.

    C. He becomes interested in it.

    第三節(jié)(共3小題,每小題1.5分,滿分4.5分)

    聽下面一段材料,將第18至20題的信息補充完整。每小題不超過三個單詞。聽材料前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出15秒鐘的作答時間。本段材料讀兩遍。

    The name of the college mentioned in the passage

            18   

    The only college-like thing in the college

            19   

    The professors’ salaries in a year

            20   dollars

     

    第二部分 英語知識運用(共兩節(jié),滿分45分)

    第一節(jié):單項填空(共15小題;每小題1分;滿分15分)

    21. In New Orleans, throughout the Fall and Winter and Spring, there is usually a festival of ______ sort every weekend.

    A. one                B. some              C. any                D. that   

    22. The man, whose early career was not _______ great success, has built _______ business empire after years of hard work.

    A. a; a                   B. 不填; a             C. 不填; the          D. a; 不填

    23. These people once had fame and fortune; now _______ is left to them is poverty.

    A. all that                  B. all of which    C. all what         D. that all

    24. The minister didn’t show up at all although the dinner party was held ________.

    A. with his name                             B. for the name of him   

    C. in the name of him                      D. under his name

    25. It’s too late; morning will be a _______ time for you to visit him.

    A. good              B. better              C. best               D. great

    26. If I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one _______.

    A. to correct        B. correcting       C. having corrected                  D. being corrected

    27. Mitsy _______ about my old car until I finally bought a new one.

    A. has forever complained                B. is forever complaining

    C. was forever complaining              D. has forever been complaining

    28. ----What sort of friend do you want to have?  Someone beautiful?

    ----Well, it _______be beautiful----that’s not important.

    A. mustn’t          B. needn’t          C. can’t                          D. won’t

    29. What a tight volleyball game! We lost it _______ we all tried our best.

    A. because             B. though                     C. until                           D. unless

    30. On the way _______ a book, he found some of his classmates _______ in the street.

    A. to buy ; knocking down             B. to buy; knocking about

    C. to buying ; knocking about                  D. to buying; knocking into

    31. It’s reported that by the end of this month the output of cars in the factory _______ by about 10%.

    A. will have risen  B. has risen         C. will be rising                D. has been rising

    32. _______she is not so healthy _______she used to be ?

      A. How it is that; as           B. Why is it that; what

      C. Is it why; that           D. How is it that; as

    33. We've published large quantities of books. This year______ we've published three million.

    A. only              B. just              C. alone                           D. merely

    34. You can imagine ________ one feels _______ everybody dislikes him.

    A. when…if       B. if…when        C. if…h(huán)ow                      D. how…if

    35. Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it _______ necessary for all planes to land for refueling.

    A. had been          B. has been          C. would be                              D. would have been

    第二節(jié)  完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)

    閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從36――55各題所給的四個選項A. B. C. D中,選出最佳選項。

    “I have a lot more strength and am ready to move forward with a normal life,” Lauren says, five years after the Sept.11 Attacks.

    That day as she   36   the building, a fireball raced down the elevator and blasted her back out,   37   more than 82% of her body. Doctors gave her just a 15% chance of surviving.    38    25 surgeries, including skin grafts(移植)and scar revisions to her    39  , face, and hands, she finished her five-year   40   last month. Now, she has to learn how to sit, walk and drink from a cup. Susan, one of her doctors, says, “Lauren was    41    badly burned that it’s a miracle she   42   has hands at all. Still, she   43   you in the eye and says, ‘I don’t have bad days.’ ”
        Recently, Tyler, Lauren’s son, has made his own    44    of what his mom went through that  45   day. He watched his parents appear on the Today Show and asked his mother why she ever went into the building. “I   46   you hadn’t been hurt, Mommy,” he said.
        Lauren and her husband work   47    to give the little boy the right   48   , “We tell him some bad guys did a bad thing, and that’s how Mommy was   49   ,” says Lauren. They   50   Tyler reassurances (肯定) that it’s not going to happen to him, and that his parents will protect him no matter what happens.
        They’re enjoying   51   they have. It’s the unplanned pleasures they truly   52   . Tyler has gotten into playacting, and he’ll suddenly   53   a script (劇本). “You’ll be the princess,” he’ll say to Lauren, “and I’ll be the knight (騎士). My dog can be the dragon.”

     Lauren   54   as she tells the story. “Life doesn’t get   55   better.” she says.

    36. A. reached              B. entered              C. left                   D. saw

    37. A. burning      B. killing               C. striking             D. ruining

    38. A. Within        B. During              C. After                D. Before

    39. A. body           B. head                 C. eyes                  D. back

    40. A. receptions    B. treatments         C. observations      D. movements

    41. A. such            B. too                   C. so                     D. as

    42. A. also             B. therefore           C. otherwise          D. even

    43. A. looks           B. scans                 C. greets                D. watches

    44. A. invention     B. discovery          C. invitation          D. imagination

    45. A. wonderful    B. pitiful               C. terrible              D. desirable

    46. A. think           B. expect               C. wish                 D. hope

    47. A. hard            B. once                 C. only                  D. again

    48. A. news          B. sentences           C. contents            D. messages

    49. A. tricked        B. injured                     C. fooled               D. laughed at

    50. A. offer           B. supply               C. afford               D. equip

    51. A. that             B. which               C. when                D. what

    52. A. choose               B. demand            C. intend               D. value

    53. A. suggest        B. write                 C. read                  D. find

    54. A. screams              B. cries                 C. smiles               D. yells

    55. A. very            B. any                   C. quite                 D. fairly

    第三部分:閱讀理解(共20小題;每小題2分,滿分40分)。

    第一節(jié) 選擇題(共17小題;每小題2分,滿分34分)

    閱讀下列短文,從每題中所給的四個選項(A.B.C.D)中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

    A

    On the whole, it’s not something we parents shout about, but one in four of us does it. Hiring private tutors(指導老師) for our children is now widespread. And this year, as always, the Easter holidays will be peak time(高峰期) for tutor demand.

    “My husband and I tried to tutor her at home, but we found all our knowledge was out of date and we were only confusing Zarreen. We also tried a group revision course but all the children were sitting exams for different boards(入學考試). On the whole, we think one-to-one tuition works best and it is worth the money. In our case, Preeta is a bit like an elder sister to Zarreen and that’s the most important,” says Ashan Sabri from London, whose daughter Zarreen, 18, is having tuition in biology and chemistry in preparation for A-levels this summer.

    In fact, Preeta Datta is only six years older than her pupil and she is happy to provide extra tuition through mobile phone. “Maybe Zarreen will call me two or three times a week with a question about biology or chemistry, and that’s fine to me,” says Datta.

    The real question is: does tutoring do any good?

    “It’s not the magic bullet,” says Professor Judith Ireson. “It’s still up to the child to do the learning. If he or she isn’t interested, then sending them to a private tutor won’t do any good.”

    In which case, surely it’s time to break open the Champagne(香檳酒)? Not necessarily, says Elaine Tyrrell, head of the Rowans School.

    “While we recommend private tutoring for a few children whose first language isn’t English, we don’t encourage it for the others,” says Tyrrell. “With the level of education they get here, children really ought to be able to pass the entrance exams without any extra teaching. Besides, our biggest worry is that they might just get in with the help of last-minute tutoring, but, once they actually get to that school, they won’t be able to manage.”

    It’s a point worth considering. After all, who would want their child to stay at the bottom of the class?

    56. The passage is most probably written by              .

    A. a parent                                         B. a famous professor   

    C. a student                                       D. a famous headmaster

    57. In Ashan Sabri’s opinion, which method is most suitable for her daughter?          .

    A. Taking different kinds of exams         B. Teaching her at home by herself

    C. Finding a private tutor to help her             D. Taking part in group revision courses

    58. Elaine Tyrrell doesn’t encourage parents to hire private tutors for their children mainly because             .

    A. children may be misled by private tutors     

    B. the quality of private tutoring may be poor

    C. the education that children receive in class is enough for them

    D. children may not have the real ability to deal with their further studies

    59. What attitude does the author hold towards home tutoring?             .

    A. Critical         B. Uncertain              C. Supportive            D. Uninterested

    60. From the passage we know that           .

    A. Preeta Datta is only twenty four years old.     

    B. Preeta Datta is head of the Rowans School

    C. Judith Ireson is a teacher of the Rowans School

    D. Ashan Sabri has a daughter named Zarreen, who is over 18

     B

    Do you want to see the effects of global warming? Then head north.Will Steger is going to take all of us there.

    Steger,64,the first person to make a dogsled trip to the Noah Pole,is a very famous and admired polar explorer.He’s at home in frozen parts of the world where few humans ever step on.Steger is also a devoted environmentalist who was early to ring the alarm bell on global warming.He saw its effects firsthand in frequent polar expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctica.

    Steger is about to lead a team of six young adventurers on a 1,400-mile,60-day-long dogsled trip across Ellesmere Island,in the Canadian Arctic.The sea ice in that region should still be frozen.“We want to take our audience to the front lines of global warming,”says Steger.The team will be uploading videos,stories and photos to the website global-warming l01.com as they march along,allowing armchair adventurers and kids in classrooms to follow their progress day to day.“We can actually bring the audience up there,”Steger says.

    Stege's team will include some already-famous young explorers.Sam Branson,the 22-year-old son of British airline tycoon(大亨) Richard Branson,is an experienced Arctic traveler.Also on the journey will be 27-year-old Norwegian Sigrid Ekran.Last year,Ekran became only the second woman in history to win Rookie(新秀) of the Year for the Iditarod Sled Dog Race.

    What they will see may be surprising.Even Steger doesn’t know exactly what to expect.Climate change has already reshaped the geography of the Arctic.“Within a decade or less,it's going to be impossible to reach the North Pole by dog team,without flotation(漂浮),”says Steger.

    Climate change is happening,but people can change too.Their willingness to change will determine the shape of Earth’s future.

    61. Steger is the following except     

    A.a(chǎn) sixty-four-year old man                      B.a(chǎn) very famous polar explorer

    C.a(chǎn) devoted environmentalist                     D.a(chǎn) famous British airline tycoon

    62. Steger is about to organize the adventure to the Arctic in order to        .

    A.let more people enjoy its natural beauty

    B.collect evidence for his scientific research

    C.let people realize the bad effects of global warming

    D.develop the young people’s adventurous and brave spirit

    63.How can people learn about the progress of Steger's journey?­       

    A.On the Internet                       B.By watching TV

    C.Through radio programs               D.By reading their journals

    64.According to Steger,people can save the earth by        .

    A.changing their harmful way of life

    B.learning more about the environment

    C.willingly giving up their comfortable life

    D.getting used to the present changes of the earth

    65.The best title for this passage would be         ,

    A.The Arctic Is In Danger                        B.Discoveries of the Arctic

    C.Sledding Through the Arctic                 D.Consequences of Global Warming

     C

    A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect the self-made----the man who has risen to the top through his own efforts, usually beginning by working with his hands. While the leader in business or industry or the college professor occupies a higher social position and commands greater respect in the community than the common labors or even the skilled factory workers,he may take pains to point out that his father started life in America as a farmer or laborer of some sort.

    This attitude toward manual(體力的) labor is now still seen in many aspects of American life.One is invited to dinner at a home that is not only comfortably but even luxuriously furnished and in which there is every evidence of the fact that the family has been able to afford foreign travel, expensive hobbies,and college education for the children;yet the hostess probably will cook the dinner herself, will serve it herself and will wash dishes afterward,furthermore the dinner will not consist merely of something quickly and easily assembled from contents of various cans and a cake or a pie bought at the nearby bakery.And the hostess usually takes pride in careful preparation of special dishes.A professional man may talk about washing the car,digging in his flowerbeds,painting the house.His wife may even help with these things,just as he often helps her with the dishwashing.The son who is away at college may wait on table and wash dishes for his living,or during the summer he may work with a construction gang on a highway in order to pay for his education.

    66.According to the passage,the hostess cooks dinner herself mainly because        .

    A.servants in America are hard to get

    B.she takes pride in what she can do herself

    C.she can hardly afford servants

    D.it is easy to prepare a meal with canned food.

    67. The expression “wait on table" in the second paragraph means “          ”.

    A.work in a furniture shop                       B.keep accounts for a bar

    C.  wait to lay the table                   D. serve customers in a restaurant

    68. Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?            .

    A. A Respectable Self-made Family        B. American Attitude Toward Manual Labor

    C. Characteristics of American Culture    D. The Development of Manual Labor

     D

    The Ring of Fire covers 4,000 km around the edge of the Pacific Ocean. It includes the countries of Japan, Indonesia and the Philippines. More earthquakes and volcanoes occur in this area than anywhere else in the world. The name Ring of Fire refers to areas below the earth’s surface. These areas move suddenly and often cause earthquakes and create volcanoes.

    Many areas of Asia, such as the Philippines, Japan, and Indonesia, sometime experience earthquakes and volcanoes. There are occasionally landslides(泥石流), mudslides, and tidal waves as a result. Fortunately, these natural disasters do not happen very often.

    Southern China is about 600 km away from the Ring of Fire. Sometimes, people in this region feel earthquakes too. The worst earthquake felt in southern China was in 1918 in Shantou. It measured 7.3 on the Richter scale. Any earthquake of 6 or more on the Richter scale is very dangerous to people.

    People in Hong Kong sometimes experience the effects of earthquakes and volcanoes. In September 1994, for example, the strongest earthquake to hit Hong Kong for 76 years shook buildings and scared thousands of residents. Frightened workers and families ran out of their offices and homes. The earthquake measured 6.5 on the Richter scale.

    It is difficult to predict when an earthquake will occur. In countries within the Ring of Fire, buildings must be very strong because the effects of earthquakes on buildings are terrible.

    In June 1991, Mt Pinatubo in the Philippines erupted. Many people were killed and the area surrounding the volcano was badly damaged. Hot ash and liquid rock from the volcano forced people to leave the area. They only returned many months later. The ash spread over a large area. Even people in the Guangdong region of southern China saw ash in the air.

    69. The Ring of Fire is         .

    A. about 4,000 km from China                B. a volcano in the Philippines

    C. a Region where there are many earthquakes and volcanoes

    D. a fire below the Earth’s surface

    70. Many Asian countries          .

    A. are outside the Ring of Fire                B. never experience natural disasters

    C. experience earthquakes only                D. experience earthquakes and volcanoes

    71. Hong Kong         .

    A. never experienced earthquakes            B. is at the center of the Ring of Fire

    C. often experiences very strong earthquakes

    D. has experienced a few earthquakes

    72. Earthquakes           .

    A. never cause much damage                   B. are easy to predict  

    C. occur suddenly and are difficult to predict

    D. are usually accompanied by strong winds

    第二節(jié)  簡答題(共3小題;每小題2分,滿分6分)。

    閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)第73至第75小題的具體要求,簡要回答問題。

    Working in the healthcare industry offers many rewards and benefits. Find out more about what you can gain by looking for a career in healthcare today!

    According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics,8 of the top 20 fastest growing professions are in the healthcare industry! Also, the healthcare industry has over 13 million jobs. It means that as a healthcare worker, you will enjoy more job opportunities. You will be less likely to lose your job, and thanks to the advances in medicine and the countries aging population, there will be a continually increasing demand for medical workers.

    In which other profession can you touch lives the way you can in the healthcare industry? You could help to bring a new life into the world, or save a life from ending. You can change lives, affecting families in the way that only healthcare workers are able to. Not only will you affect individuals, but you could also have an effect on the entire community, providing healthcare in a variety of forms or treating diseases of all sorts.

    Whether you are a doctor of philosophy or not, there is an exciting healthcare career available to you. Of course, you need many years of school to be a doctor or a nurse, but there are hundreds of other roles available in the healthcare industry that can be explored.

    Due to the high demand for workers in the healthcare industry, careers in healthcare are some of the best chances available to make money. The better your skills are, the higher your pay is.

    Why do you think there are so many TV shows about hospitals and medical workers? American shows like Greys Anatomy and Private Practice are successful because the medical field is exciting, ever-changing and dramatic in nature. Healthcare is fast-paced, you are dealing with life or death situations, and new patients come in every day, so you will never experience the same day twice.

    73. What makes it possible for you to be better paid in healthcare? (不超過3個單詞)

    74. Why are you less likely to be fired if you are a healthcare worker?  (不超過12個單詞)

    75. What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?  (不超過10個單詞)

    第四部分 寫作(共二節(jié),滿分35分)

    第一節(jié):填空(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)

    閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文后76~85小題的空格里填上適當?shù)膯卧~或短語。注意:每空不超過3個單詞。

    Australia releases more greenhouse gases per person than almost any other country in the world. Its emissions(排放) come mainly from coal burned for electricity. Scientists warn that the Australian continent could suffer more severe dry periods, floods and storms as a result of climate change.

    Australia wants to show that existing power stations can be refitted to burn coal in a much cleaner way. A demonstration project will seek to develop new technology over the next four years that makes it easier to capture carbon dioxide(二氧化碳). Carbon dioxide is the main gas that many scientists say helps cause global warming.

    In traditional coal-fired power stations, the coal is burned in air in a big furnace(爐子) and the carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. In the new system, the coal is burned in pure oxygen instead of air. The captured carbon dioxide gas is then made into a liquid and buried deep underground.

    The operators of the project in the northern state of Queensland say it is the first of its kind in the world. Australian and Japanese companies are supporting the project, and the Australian government is paying for part of it.

    Geoff Wilson is the mines and energy minister in Queensland. He says the new system will sharply reduce the amount of carbon released from the coal-fired process and make it easier to store.

    The International Energy Agency has said that clean coal technology could help reduce the release of greenhouse gases by one-fourth. But a spokeswoman for the environmental group Friends of the Earth says the technology has very limited promise to cut emissions in the short term.

    Critics(評論家)say the technology is unproven. And they say it will not guarantee that Australia will be able to reduce emissions in the future.

    Title: Australia aims for 76. _______

    77. ______

    ●Australia releases more greenhouse gases per person than almost any other country

    ●Australian continent could suffer more severe dry periods, floods and storms as a result of 78. ______

    Ways

    Coal is burned in pure oxygen, captured carbon dioxide gas is made into a liquid and 79. ______

    80. ___

    First of its kind in the world

    81. ______

    People or organization

    Opinions

    82. ______

    Will sharply reduce the amount of carbon released from the coal-fired process and make it easier to store

    The International Energy Agency

    Could help reduce 83. ______ by one-fourth

    A spokeswoman for the environmental group Friends of the Earth

    84. ______ to cut emissions in the short term

    85. ______

    ●The technology is unproven

    ●Not guarantee Australia will be able to reduce emissions in the future

    第二節(jié)  寫作(滿分25分)

    假如你是某報社的編輯Bede,你收到一封求助信,請根據(jù)來信的內(nèi)容寫一份120詞左右的回信。

    Dear Bede,

    I share a dormitory(寢室) with seven of my classmates. We share nearly everything. We study, play, and sleep together. Everything is great except for one thing―two of them have very smelly feet. The smell makes me sick. I have failed to persuade them to wash their feet every day. The situation is so bad that I’ve even tried to swap places with students in another dormitory, but they’ve refused my request. What can I do?

                                                                 Dong Zhitao

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