17．If your preschoolers turn up their noses at carrots or celery （芹菜），a small reward like a sticker for taking even a taste may help get them to eat previously disliked foods，a UK study said．
Though it might seem obvious that a reward could encourage young children to eat their vegetables，the idea is actually controversial，researchers wrote in the American，Journal of Clinical Nutrition．That's because some studies have shown that rewards can backfire and cause children to lose interest in foods they already liked，said Jane Wardle，a researcher at University College London who worked on the study．Verbal praise，such as"Brilliant!You're a great vegetable taster"，did not work as well．
"We would recommend that parents consider using small non-food rewards，given daily for tasting tiny pieces of the food 一 smaller than half a little finger nail，"Wardle said in an email．
The study found that when parents gave their small children a sticker each time they took a"tiny taste"of a disliked vegetable，it gradually changed their attitudes．The children were also willing to eat more of the vegetables一 either carrots，celery，cucumber，red pepper，cabbage or sugar snap peas 一 in laboratory taste tests，the study said．
Researchers randomly assigned 173 families to one of these groups．In one，parents used stickers to reward their children each time they took a tiny sample of a disliked vegetable．A second group of parents used verbal praise．The third group，where parents used no special vegetable-promoting methods，served as a"control"（控制組；對照組）．
Parents in the reward groups offered their children a taste of the"target"vegetable every day for 12 days．Soon after，children in the sticker group were giving higher ratings to the vegetables 一 and were willing to eat more in the research lab，going from an average of 5 grams at the start to about 10 grams after the 12-day experience．The turnaround also seemed to last，with preschoolers in the sticker group still willing to eat more of the once-disliked vegetable three months later．
Why didn't the verbal praise work？Wardle said-the parents'words may have seemed"insincere"to their children．
46．The purpose of writing the passage isB．
A．to show what healthy diets for children consist of
B．to introduce a way of making children eat disliked vegetables
C．to explain Why children don't like to eat some vegetables
D．to present a proper way of verbal praise to parents
47．The underlined word"backfire"in Paragraph 2 probably meansC．
A．shoot from behind the back
B．make a fire in the backyard
C．produce an unexpected result
D．a(chǎn)chieve what was planned
48．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？B
A．Most children are born to hate vegetables like carrots or celery．
B．Rewarding isn't always a good way to get children to eat vegetables．
C．Oral praise works quite well in encouraging children to eat vegetables．
D．Children in the sticker group won't lose interest in eating vegetables．
49．How did the researchers get their conclusion from the experiment？A
A．By comparison．
B．By asking questions．
G．By giving examples．
D．By discussion．
50．What can we learn from the last paragraph？B
A．Children like rewards，not verbal praise．
B．Parents should give up verbal praise．
C．Children are very difficult to inspire．
D．Parents'tone is important to their kids．
分析 本文是一篇科教類閱讀，屬于說明文，本文圍繞英國的一項研究，如果您的學(xué)齡前兒對胡蘿卜和芹菜童嗤之以鼻，一個小獎勵，如貼紙（貼畫）以甚至味道可以讓他們吃以前不喜歡的食物展開談?wù)摚?/p>
解答 46．B．主旨大意題．閱讀全文，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要圍繞一項研究展開，主要講述了一種讓孩子吃不喜歡的蔬菜的方法．故選B．
47．C．詞義猜測題．根據(jù)上下文可知，．That's because some studies have shown that rewards can backfire and cause children to lose interest in foods they already liked句意為獎勵會適得其反，導(dǎo)致孩子失去他們已經(jīng)喜歡食物的興趣．故backfire意為適得其反．故選C．
48．B．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)That's because some studies have shown that rewards can backfire and cause children to lose interest in foods they already liked可知，獎勵會適得其反，導(dǎo)致孩子失去他們已經(jīng)喜歡食物的興趣．故獎勵并不是一個好的方法．故選B．
49．A．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)Researchers randomly assigned 173families to one of these groups．In one，parents used stickers to reward their children each time they took a tiny sample of a disliked vegetable．A second group of parents used verbal praise．The third group，where parents used no special vegetable-promoting methods，served as a"control"（控制組；對照組）．可知，研究者利用對比的方法來開展實驗．故選A．
50．B．推理判斷題．根據(jù)Why didn't the verbal praise work？Wardle said-the parents'words may have seemed"insincere"to their children．可知，父母不應(yīng)該采用口頭表揚的方式來讓孩子吃不喜歡的蔬菜，因為這似乎對孩子不真誠．故選B．
點評 本文是一篇科教類閱讀，題目涉及多道細節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題，詞義猜測題，主旨大意題．做題時學(xué)生應(yīng)仔細閱讀原文，把握文章主要內(nèi)容，聯(lián)系文章上下文內(nèi)容并結(jié)合所給選項含義，從中選出正確答案，一定要做到有理有據(jù)，切忌胡亂猜測．
