14.The word tolerance is widely used in liberal democracies.It indicates a positive meaning.Politicians urge us to be tolerant towards minorities.Educators teach us to be tolerant towards the other.The press is full of references to the need to display tolerance when faced with individuals or groups espousing a different view or holding a different religious belief.A tolerant society is an objective sought after by anyone who believes in the values of democracy.A tolerant individual is attributed with virtuous qualities.
The question we must ask is whether we have been using the word tolerance fully aware of its meaning and whether we have applied it correctly to reflect what we really wish to convey?
The word tolerance means to bear,or to bear with.If I tolerate something or someone,I basically say that I am ready to bear it or him.I can tolerate a bad smell or a noisy neighbour.The act of toleration forces me to desist from conveying my objection to the existence of a phenomenon,which I find difficult to bear.A bad smell or a noisy neighbour is considered by me to be an objectionable phenomenon.By tolerating either of them,I am not transforming the bad smell or the noisy neighbour into positive phenomena.Let's be honest:I don't have a different taste when it comes to bad smells.I simply dislike it and wish that it disappears.I don't respect the noisy neighbour.I would rather have him stop at once the noise he is making so I can live in peace.
To try to remove the bad smell or take reasonable action in order for the noisy neighbour to stop bothering me would most probably not be considered an intolerant act by most people.
Now,let's try to apply the word tolerance in reference to a person who is law-abiding and holds a legally acceptable different view from my own.I may have a strong view,which is opposed to his.Quite frankly,I may decide to tolerate his view.By so doing,I would be attributing to it a negative characteristic.I would apply the same attitude to his view as to the bad smell or noisy neighbour.Thus,to try to take action in order to make his view disappear would be considered an intolerant act.To tolerate his view the way I would a bad smell or a noisy neighbour,could hardly be considered virtuous.
The subject tolerating is by nature not equal to the object being tolerated.If I tolerate you,I essentially say that I am above you and am prepared,although unwillingly,to bear with your presence or with your practices or opinions.That may be true in the case of an individual who is ready to tolerate the other.However,this attitude by such an individual,though empirically true,is hardly a virtue.Certainly,the fact that an individual,in reality,may merely tolerate the other or his opinion does not justify a government or any official authority promoting tolerance as a virtue.One cannot tolerate an equal being.True equality involves respect,not toleration.To respect the other as a distinctive person is hardly to tolerate him.This is the true meaning of equality:diversity existing in a mutually-respectful socio-legal setting.
The danger with tolerance is that it can lead to the acceptance of individuals or groups bent on destroying the foundations of democratic systems.We have seen such cases with regard to political parties or destructive religious groups that have been treated in a liberal manner under the guise of tolerance.
A tolerant attitude involves the grant of a favour,not a right.The question we should ask ourselves is whether we would ever wish a parliament to make laws according to us,as individuals and as part of a collective entity or a permission to pursue certain actions interpreted as a favour rather than a right?Indeed,would we ever wish anyone to listen to our views and accept us the way we are simply because he is kind enough to tolerate us?
65.The first two paragraphs are mainly intended to show thatC.
A.tolerance is a symbol of liberal democracies
B.democratic society always advocates tolerance
C.people's understanding of tolerance is one-sided
D.tolerance can be applied to many situations
66.The underlined part"desist from"in Paragraph 3can be replaced by"C'.
A.deny
B.dislike
C.stop
D.keep
67.The example of a bad smell and a noisy neighbour is raised to indicate thatD.
A.the writer are fed up with them
B.most people find them hard to tolerate
C.the writer isn't prejudiced against them
D.tolerating them isn't a virtuous act
68.The main idea of Paragraph 6is thatC.
A.tolerance has nothing to do with respect
B.most people promote tolerance as a virtue
C.people should show respect for each other
D.tolerance shows an unequal relationship
69.Which of the following will the writer probably agree with?A
A.Too much tolerance will endanger the foundations of democratic systems.
B.By tolerating people can transform something negative into the opposite.
C.People tolerating others are likely to consider them as their equals.
D.Being tolerant should be regarded as a right instead of a favour
70.The best title for this passage should be"C".
A.Tolerance and respect
B.What is to be tolerated?
C.Is Tolerance a Virtue?
D.Should people be tolerant?
分析 本文談的是人們對(duì)寬容的理解.寬容并不是一種美德,關(guān)鍵是我們是否一直使用"寬容"這個(gè)詞,并完全意識(shí)到它的含義,我們是否已正確反映我們?cè)敢鈧鬟f什么.
解答 65.C.推理題.根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容,The word tolerance is widely used in liberal democracies.It indicates a positive meaning.寬容這個(gè)詞常用在解放文獻(xiàn)之中.它似乎暗示著一個(gè)積極的含義;Politicians urge us to be tolerant towards minorities.政治家呼吁我們對(duì)少數(shù)民族寬容.Educators teach us to be tolerant towards the other.教育者教導(dǎo)我們要寬容對(duì)方;…The question we must ask is whether we have been using the word tolerance fully aware of its meaning and whether we have applied it correctly to reflect what we really wish to convey?然而是否我們意識(shí)到了這個(gè)詞的真正的含義,用它來(lái)表達(dá)了我們真正想要表達(dá)的東西.正如任何事物都具有兩面性一樣,1、2段想要告訴我們,理解他人知識(shí)寬容的一方面而已.結(jié)合選項(xiàng),故選C.
66.C.詞義猜測(cè)題.根據(jù)第三段:The act of toleration forces me to desist from conveying my objection to the existence of a phenomenon,which I find difficult to bear寬容迫使我停止輸送我反對(duì)一個(gè)現(xiàn)象的存在的行為,我難以忍受;可知意為停止;故選C.
67.D.推理題.根據(jù)第三段第五句By tolerating either of them,I am not transforming the bad smell or the noisy neighbour into positive phenomena.通過(guò)忍耐它們兩者之一,我并沒(méi)有能改變難聞氣味或者將喧鬧的鄰居變?yōu)槌蔀榘察o的人,即便是忍耐,這種讓人不悅的事情還是一直存在著,一直讓我不悅著.忍耐并不能改變事實(shí),結(jié)合選項(xiàng),故選D.
68.C.段落大意題.根據(jù)第六段:This is the true meaning of equality:diversity existing in a mutually-respectful socio-legal setting可知主要講人應(yīng)該彼此尊重;故選C.
69.A.推理題.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句The danger with tolerance is that it can lead to the acceptanceof individuals or groups bent on destroying the foundations of democratic systems.忍耐的危險(xiǎn)在于----它可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致一心要摧毀民主體制基礎(chǔ)的個(gè)人或群體最后轉(zhuǎn)而對(duì)它進(jìn)行接受.故選A.
70.C.主旨大意題.根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容,本文談的是人們對(duì)寬容的理解.寬容并不是一種美德,關(guān)鍵是我們是否一直使用"寬容"這個(gè)詞,并完全意識(shí)到它的含義,我們是否已正確反映我們?cè)敢鈧鬟f什么.結(jié)合選項(xiàng),故選C.
點(diǎn)評(píng) 本文是一個(gè)社會(huì)文化類閱讀,題目涉及多道細(xì)節(jié)理解題,做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析,結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案.推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案,切忌胡亂猜測(cè),一定要做到有理有據(jù).