A dense wave of smog began in the Chinese city of Harbin and the surrounding Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning Provinces on 20 October 2013. Unseasonably warm temperatures with very little wind across northeastern China coincided with the smoke from local farmers’ burning straws and the start-up of Harbin’s coal-powered central heating system.
Record densities of fine particulates(微粒)were measured in the city. In Harbin, the levels of PM2.5 (particulate matter) rise to 1,000 micrograms per cubic meter, worse than Beijing’s historic highs. Visibility was reduced to below 50m in parts of Harbin, and below 500m in most of the neighbouring Jilin Province. On Fa Yuen Street in Harbin, visibility of less than 5m was reported. The smog reduced after October 23, 2013 and completely broke up on October 28, 2013 by the first local snow and icy rain due to a cold front moving in from Russia.
Harbin lies in the north of China where winter temperatures can drop to -40℃, demanding a six-month heating season. Daily particulate levels of more than 40 times the World Health Organization recommended maximum level were reported in parts of Harbin. The smog remained till 23 October, when almost all monitoring stations in Heilongjiang, Jilin,and Liaoning Provincesreported readings above 200μg/m³forPM2.5. PM2.5 is the amount of particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter in the air, with the WHO recommending a maximum 24-hour mean (平均值) of 25 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m³). On the morning of 25 October, PM2.5 measurements in Harbin had fallen to an average of 123μg/m³.
All highways in the surrounding Heilongjiang Province were closed. In Harbin, all primary and middle schools were closed for three days and authorities stopped flights at the airports. Hospitals reported a 23 percent increase in admissions for breathing problems. However, this smog will have no influence on Harbin Ice Festival events later in December 2013.
Air pollution in Chinese cities is of increasing concern to China’s leadership. Particulates in the air can affect human health and also have influences on climate and rainfall. Pollution from the burning of coal has reduced life expectancy by 5.5 years in the north of China, as a result of heart and lung diseases.
小題1:One cause of the heavy smog in the northeastern Chinese cities may be _____.

A．the lasting cold weather

B．farmers’ burning of forests

C．too much strong wind

D．the start-up of heating system

小題2:One serious influence of the heavy smog was that_____.

A．Harbin Ice Festival would be cancelled

B．highways in Heilongjiang were free of charge

C．a(chǎn)ll flights at the airport were cancelled

D．doctors in hospitals were kept from working

小題3:The harmful smog was most serious on ______.

A．October 20

B．October 23

C．October 25

D．October 28

小題4:What measure might be practical to reduce the happening of heavy smog?

A．Forbidding people to own their private cars.

B．Advocating people having one meal a day.

C．Using natural gas to cook instead of coal.

D．Encouraging family’s coal-fired heating.

Sex prejudices are based on and justified by the ideology(意識(shí)形態(tài)) that biology is destiny. According to this ideology, basic biological and psychological differences exist between the sexes. These differences require each sex to play a separate role in social life. Women are the weaker sex both physically and emotionally. Thus, they are naturally suited, much more so than men, to the performance of domestic(家庭的) duties. A woman’s place, under normal circumstances, is within the protective environment of the home. Nature has determined that women play caretaker roles, such as wife and mother and homemaker. On the other hand, men are best suited to go out into the competitive world of work and politics, where serious responsibilities must be taken on. Men are to be the providers; women and children are “dependents”.
The ideology also holds that women who wish to work outside the household should naturally fill these jobs that are in line with the special capabilities of their sex. It is appropriate for women, not men, to be employed as nurses, social workers, elementary school teachers, house-hold helpers, clerks and secretaries. These positions are simply an extension of women’s domestic role. Informal distinctions between “women’s work” and “men’s work” in the labor force, according to the ideology, are simply a functional reflection of the basic differences between the sexes.
Finally, the ideology suggests that nature has worked her will in another significant way. For the human species to survive over time, its members must regularly reproduce. Thus, women must, whether at home or in the labor force, make the most of their physical appearances.
So goes the ideology. It is, of course, not true that basic biological and psychological differences between the sexes require each to play sex-defined roles in social life. There is enough evidence that sex roles vary from society to society, and those role differences that do exist are largely learned.
But to the degree people actually believe that biology is destiny and that nature intended for men and women to make different contributions to society, sex-defined roles will be seen as totally acceptable.
小題1:According to the biology-is-destiny ideology, women_______.

A．cannot compete with men in any field

B．a(chǎn)re suited more to domestic jobs than men

C．a(chǎn)re sensitive enough to be a good caretaker

D．a(chǎn)re too weak to do any agricultural work at all

小題2:Those who have prejudices against women think that_______.

A．women shouldn’t go out for work

B．women should earn money to add the family income

C．women going out for work should only do “women’s work”

D．women should take jobs to drill the special capabilities of the sex

小題3:The author thinks that the positions women hold outside_______.

A．a(chǎn)re determined by what they are better suited to

B．grow out of their household responsibilities

C．represent their breakthrough of sex discrimination

D．a(chǎn)re physically and emotionally suitable to them

小題4:What does the underlined sentence imply?

A．Sex roles are socially determined

B．Sex roles are emotionally and physically determined

C．Sex roles are biologically and psychologically determined

D．Sex roles are determined by education people take

“I’m a little worried about my future．”said Dustin Hoffman in The Graduate．He should be so lucky．All he had to worry about was whether to have an affair with Mrs. Robinson．In the sixties，that was the total sum of post-graduation anxiety．
Hoffman’s modem peers are not so fortunate．The Mrs. Robinsons aren’t sitting around at home any more．They are out in the workplace，doing the high-powered jobs the graduates want，but cannot get．For those fresh out of university，desperate for work but unable to get it，there is a big imbalance between supply and demand．And there is no narrowing of the gap in sight．
Parents feel as badly let down as the young people themselves．Middle-class families see their graduate offspring on the dole (救濟(jì)金) queue and wonder why they bothered paying school fees．Working-class families feel an even keener sense of disappointment．For many such families，getting a child into university was the fulfillment of a lifelong dream．It was proof that they were living in a dynamic，economically successful country．That dream does not seem so rosy now．Graduate unemployment is not，ultimately，a political problem．Job-creation for graduates is very low down in the government’s schedule．If David Cameron’s Conservatives (保守黨) had a brilliant idea for guaranteeing every graduate a well-paid job，they would have presented it by now．It is a social problem，though a more deep-seated social problem than people perhaps realize．
小題1:The author begins with the lines from The Graduate in order to __________ ．

A．support the fact that more women are working now

B．show that few graduates started working right after graduation

C．demonstrate that there were much fewer graduates than now

D．emphasize the sharp contrast between now and then

小題2:Regarding job opportunities for young graduates，the author sounds __________ ．

A．pessimistic

B．hopeful

C．unconcerned

D．content

小題3:The main purpose of the passage is to __________ ．

A．criticize the government

B．present a current severe situation

C．publicize a movie

D．display the success of the country

小題4:Towards the end of the passage，the author implies that __________ ．

A．there will be job-creation programs for graduates

B．graduate unemployment is more of a political issue

C．graduate unemployment is not likely to be solved in a short time

D．the Conservatives have done nothing to solve the issue

London has always been known for its "black fogs". In the winter of 1952, a milky white fog rolled into the city. As the smoke poured into the air, it was so hard to see that people had to walk in front of the buses to guide them. In this way, the most serious air pollution disaster in history began. When it was over, more than 4,000 people had been killed by the thick black smog.
New York City has had several London-type smogs since 1950. Each time, 100 to 400 deaths were caused by the smog. Although these smogs were not as deadly as London's, New York City has the worst air pollution problem in the United States.
In all the killer smogs, factories and homes poured smoke and fumes into the air from the furnaces. The chemical fumes combined with the water droplets in the fog to form harmful substances. These substances caused the illness of those who breathed the polluted air.
Usually, such harmful fumes rise into the upper air and are blown away by the wind. But sometimes there is an unusual weather condition called a temperature inversion. A layer of cold air remains near the ground as smoke and fumes pour into it. This is covered by an upper layer of warm air that acts like a lid. It prevents the polluted cooler air from rising. The harmful fumes pile up and make people ill. The smog may be so thick that airports are closed and chains of collisions occur on the highways.
Another type of smog occurs in Los Angeles. Here the weather may be clear and sunny. But stinging eyes and dry coughs show that harmful chemicals fill the air. The smog is due to invisible gases, mostly from automobile exhaust. Because these chemicals are changed by the sun high up in the air, it is called photochemical smog. It contains automobile exhaust fumes and nitrogen oxides changed by the sun's rays. Added to these are sulfur dioxide and other fumes from factories and oil refineries. Photochemical smog is found in many large cities all over the world.
Killer smogs don't happen very often, fortunately. But in Beijing, a combination of automobile exhaust fumes, home furnace smoke, and factory waste gases pours into the air. This may also happen in the suburbs, or out in the country, where large factories have been built. A number of harmful substances have been found in the air there. When these substances are breathed in day after day, the health of the population is affected.
小題1:Why do people call this phenomenon "black fog"?

A．It is black and dirty.

B．It can affect the health.

C．It can kill people.

D．It is too thick for people to see something.

小題2:What can reduce the air pollution according to the passage'?

A．Water.

B．Wind.

C．The sun.

D．Cold air.

小題3:When photochemical smog happens in the city,          .

A．many people will be killed

B．black smoke may pour into the air

C．the weather may be fine

D．people have to walk to work

小題4:From the passage we know that the most serious black smog disaster took place in    .

A．London

B．New York

C．Los Angeles

D．Beijing

A quarter of US adults say they read no books at all in the past year, according to an Associated Press-Ipsos survey. The typical person said that he / she read four books in the last year and, excluding those who had not read any books at all, the usual number of books read was seven.
Of those who did read, women and pensioners (領(lǐng)養(yǎng)老金者) were the most eager readers, and religious works and popular fiction were the top choices. The number of books read was nine books for women and five for men. The number also showed that those with college degrees read the most, and people aged 50 and over read more than those who are younger.
People from the West and Midwest are more likely to have read at least one book in the past year. Southerners who do read tend to read more books — mostly religious books and romance novels — than people from other regions.
Those who said they never attend religious services read nearly twice as many books as those who attend frequently, but the Bible and religious works were read by two thirds of the people in the survey, more than all the other categories. Popular fiction, histories, biographies and mysteries took up about half, while one in five read romance novels. Politics, poetry and classical literature were named by fewer than 5% of readers. More women than men read every major category of books except for history and biography books. Men tend to prefer non-fiction.
Book sales in the US have been flat in recent years and are expected to stay that way, which, experts think, results from competition from the Internet and other media, and the unsteady economy.
小題1:The passage mainly tells us ______.

A．the number of Americans who read books last year dropped

B．the book sales in the US have been dropping in recent years

C．the reasons why one in four Americans read no books last year

D．a(chǎn)bout region differences in the number and kind of books read last year

小題2:Which kind of Americans read the most last year according to the survey?

A．Older men with college degrees from the South.

B．Older women with college degrees from the South.

C．Younger educated men from the Midwest.

D．Younger educated women from the West.

小題3:What kind of books was read most according to the passage?

A．Religious works.	B．Popular fiction.
C．Poetry.	D．History.

小題4:Which of the following reasons why people read fewer books is true?
①. Competition from the Internet.  
②. Competition from other media.
③. The unsteady economy.
④. People attend religious services
⑤. No time for reading.

A．①②③

B．②③⑤

C．①③⑤

D．②③④

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
I grew up with a fat dad------450 pounds at his heaviest. Every week he’d try a new diet, and my family____ eating whatever freeze-dried he was trying at that moment. He hoped every new diet could stop his waistline from______ .My mother, on the other hand, had no____ in preparing food. Therefore,  almost all of our meals____ my dad’s diet foods.
What I remember most about those years is that I was always hungry ------ hungry for food, hungry for nice clean clothes, hungry for someone to ____ when I ran away from home or hid in the closet(壁櫥) for hours. I just  ____ to be cared for.      
But on Friday nights,  I was____ hungry. My grandmother would take me to her home for the weekend. When we____, there was always a pot of something cooking on the stove. She taught me how good it felt to be cared for, and how to care for myself and others through____. My grandmother was always____ of my parents’ strange eating habits and ____ on processed diet foods, and made it her duty to teach me how to ____ myself.
After my third-grade year, my dad changed his jobs. ____ as I was, I had to move away from my hometown, Chicago, and leave my grandmother and her delicious food behind. I felt extremely lonely and lost, and I____ my grandmother terribly. My grandmother knew just how I felt------ and she knew the ____: Every week, she would send me a card with a $20 bill, a recipe and a list of what to buy at the market. Her____ filled my body and soul.
Now I’ve grown to better understand my father’s struggles with____. Today, he weighs 220 pounds. Food is no longer a barrier that keeps us____, but a bridge that keeps us connected. There’s nothing my dad enjoys more than talking with me about dietary theories and his weight-loss____. And now I am the one____ sending recipe cards to my father’s house, just as my grandmother did for me.

小題1:	A．put off B．set out C．gave up D．ended up

小題2:	A．changing B．expanding C．decreasing D．disappearing

小題3:	A．fault B．difficulty C．interest D．pride

小題4:	A．consisted of B．differed from C．belonged to D．made up

小題5:	A．follow B．a(chǎn)ccompany C．stop D．notice

小題6:	A．forgot B．desired C．proved D．pretended

小題7:	A．undoubtedly B．especially C．even D．never

小題8:	A．a(chǎn)rrived B．a(chǎn)pproached C．a(chǎn)greed D．returned

小題9:	A．creativity B．guidance C．cooking D．observing

小題10:

A．envious B．skeptical C．proud D．fond

小題11:

A．judgment B．influence C．dependence D．impression

小題12:

A．feed B．relax C．convince D．enjoy

小題13:

A．Embarrassed B．Unfortunate C．Ashamed D．Unwilling

小題14:

A．a(chǎn)ppreciated B．missed C．imagined D．responded

小題15:

A．cure B．reason C．feeling D．rule

小題16:

A．expectations B．recipes C．promises D．words

小題17:

A．health B．money C．weight D．promotion

小題18:

A．a(chǎn)part B．down C．up D．out

小題19:

A．problems B．a(chǎn)nxieties C．benefits D．victories

小題20:

A．completely B．casually C．regularly D．gradually

They say that the real marathon begins at 35 kilometers — the rest is just a warm up. And sure enough, in 2009, at around the 36 kilometer point of the Beijing Marathon I experienced what runners call “hitting the wall”. I had been doing well until that point, but suddenly I felt a sharp pain in my leg. My pace slowed down dramatically and every brain cell in my head seemed to be screaming “stop!!!”
The last 5 kilometers were not fun; in fact, they were really hard work. Keeping motivated to run those last few kilometers was one of the hardest things I had ever done. But that is what makes running a marathon such a rewarding experience — if it were easy everyone would do it.
I have to admit it is sometimes not even easy to find the motivation to get out of bed, pull on your running shoes and head out into the morning to go for another run. These last two weeks of training for the Muztagata climb have been a little tough. I have been following my training plan for about three months but now I find that my original enthusiasm (熱情) has all been used up. Day after day of going to the gym is beginning to wear me down and there still seems so much longer to keep this up. I have begun to doubt that I am actually making any progress or getting any fitter and even thought that I might be going backwards!
These are all very common experiences for people who are working towards challenging, longer term goals and I have learned to recognize these “highs” and “l(fā)ows” in my energy and enthusiasm. Over the years I have learned a number of tricks that help me to deal with the days when my early motivation seems to have abandoned me for good.
小題1:Many runners say that the real marathon begins at 35 kilometers because it is at this point that __________.

A．runners begin to enjoy running the marathon race

B．runners are worn out as if they are breaking down

C．the rest part is just the preparation for the race

D．the race is a rewarding experience for runners

小題2:When people are working extremely hard towards challenging, _________.

A．they can keep themselves motivated all the time

B．they will never hesitate to continue carrying out their plan

C．they sometimes feel as if they stop making progress

D．they will fail to keep their spirits up

小題3:What is the author going to talk about in the following passage?

A．How to get trained.

B．Tips for becoming a marathon runner.

C．How to meet challenges.

D．Tips for keeping motivation high.

In December,2010,many American newspapers publish a list of the best books of the year. Freedom by Jonathan Franzen is one of the most repeatedly praised books on this year’s list of favorites. It tells about the ups and downs of the Berglund family over many years. Mr.Franzen fills the book with sharp observations about American politics, culture and society.
Jennifer Egan’s book A Visit from the Goon Squad takes place in 13 chapters over 40 years. The story moves back and forth in time,from different viewpoints. One main character is former rock musician Bennie Salazar who works for a record company. The other main character is a troubled young woman named Sasha who works for Bennie. The reader learns about their pasts and those of their friends.
The main character in The Imperfectionists by Tom Rachman is a failing English Language newspaper published in Rome,Italy. Each chapter of the book tells about a reporter or editor working for this paper. Their stories are filled with intelligence and great personality.
Two of the most popular non­fiction books of 2010 were about rock and roll stars. Just Kids is by rock singer Patti Smith. It tells about her friendship with the artist Robert Mapplethorpe in the 1960s and 1970s before they became famous. Life is the autobiography of Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards. It is an honest and exciting look at the development of rock and roll and the wild times this famous band has experienced.
Unbroken by Laura Hillenbrand tells about a man named Louis Zamperini. She tells about his extraordinary survival story after his plane crashed into the Pacific Ocean during Would War Two.
Stacy Schiff has received great praise for her book Cleopatra: A Life. It tells about one of the most misrepresented and famous women in his story, Cleopatra. She ruled ancient Egypt about 2,000 years ago. One critic said Ms. Schiff has brought Cleopatra to life again by unearthing her story from centuries of lies.
小題1:The following books are related to music EXCEPT________.

A．The Imperfectionists	B．A Visit from the Goon Squad
C．Just Kids	D．Life

小題2:If your major is the history of ancient Africa, you may pay attention to ________.

A．Freedom by Jonathan Franzen

B．Unbroken by Laura Hillenbrand

C．The Imperfections by Tom Rachman

D．Cleopatra: A Life by Stacy Schiff

小題3:Which book will give you a practical understanding of the USA?

A．Life	B．Cleopatra: A Life
C．Freedom	D．A Visit from the Goon Squad

小題4:The last sentence of the passage implies that ________.

A．Stacy Schiff is an archaeologist

B．the critic finds the character in the book very real

C．the critic speaks highly of Cleopatra in history

D．Stacy Schiff tells a story about an imaginary Egyptian queen

In most languages, a greeting is usually followed by “small talk”. Small talk means the little things we talk about at start of a conversation. In English-speaking countries people often make small talk about the weather: “Nice day, isn’t it?” But there is something special about small talk. It must be about something which both people have the same opinion about. The purpose of small talk is to let both people agree on something. This makes meeting people easier and more comfortable. People usually agree about the weather, so it is a safer topic for small talk. But people often disagree about religion or politics so these are not suitable topics for small talk in English. The topics for small talk also depend on where the conversation is taking place. At football matches, people make small talk about the game they are watching: “Great game, isn’t it?” At bus stops, people may comment about the transport system: “The bus service is terrible, isn’t it?”
Greetings and small talk are important parts of conversation in any language. The way people greet each other and the things they talk about, however, may be different from one language to another. This shows that there is much more to learn when we learn a language than just the vocabulary and the grammar of the language. We also have to learn the social behavior of the people who speak it.
小題1:Small talk __________ .

A．is a kind of conversation with short words

B．is a greeting when people meet each other

C．is to let people disagree about something

D．is something we talk about to start with a conversation

小題2:Why do people need small talk?

A．To choose a topic for conversation.

B．To agree about the weather.

C．To let meeting people become easier and more comfortable.

D．To learn a language.

小題3:The passage suggests that when we learn a language ,__________．

A．we should grasp the importance of the language

B．we should know the culture of the language

C．we should only master the grammar and vocabulary

D．we should learn about the transport system of the country