12. lie的用法
▲構(gòu)詞:liar n. 說謊者
▲搭配:
① lie down 躺下;磨洋工;停止戰(zhàn)斗
② lie in 在于;位于
③ tell a lie = tell lies 撒謊
[考例][2002北京] I would ____ very still so that the "enemy" would not discover me.
A. lay B. hide C. rest D. lie
[考查目標(biāo)]本題考查lie,lay等幾個(gè)相近詞的區(qū)別。
[答案與解析]D lie是動(dòng)詞原形,意思是“躺”或“撒謊”。在本句中是“躺”的意思。
11. hurry 的用法
▲ 構(gòu)詞:
① hurried adj. 匆忙的
② hurriedly adv. 倉促地.慌忙地
▲ 搭配:
① in a hurry 匆忙地
② in no hurry 不忙,有充分的時(shí)間;不急于
③ no hurry 不忙.不必著急,有充裕的時(shí)間
④ hurry up 快點(diǎn),趕緊做;催促(快點(diǎn))
▲ 辨析:hurry; haste; speed 均含“動(dòng)作上的快速”的意思。
hurry 指“動(dòng)作不輕松、不自然的快,有時(shí)表示不必要的快”,并且常有“忙亂倉促”的意思。例如:In her hurry she forgot to leave her address. 在匆忙中,她忘了留下地址。
haste 著重“想辦法趕快”的意思,并常表示“匆忙的動(dòng)作。有時(shí)動(dòng)作過分倉促而不能得到預(yù)期的結(jié)果”。例如:All his haste was of no use. 他白忙了。/ Haste makes waste. 欲速則不達(dá)。
speed 指“人(物)快捷(速)的動(dòng)作”。例如:It is dangerous to corner at speed. 高速轉(zhuǎn)彎是危險(xiǎn)的。
[考例][2004湖南] When l there ____ I apologized for being late, and told him I'd come as quickly as I could,...
A. went B. ran C. walked D. hurried
[考查目標(biāo)] 考查幾個(gè)與“走”有關(guān)的近義詞的區(qū)別。
[答案與解析]D 從上下文看,當(dāng)時(shí),是”匆忙”的。
10. force n. [U][C]力量,勢(shì)力,暴力 vt. 強(qiáng)迫,促使,強(qiáng)制 He didn't use much force. 他沒怎么用力。/ They refused to bow before force. 他們拒絕向暴力低頭。/ They have come to know the forces of nature. 他們終于知道了大自然的力量。
[注意]the forces 可表示“軍隊(duì),兵力”。
[拓展]
force sb. to do sth.;force sb. into doing sth.;force sb. / sth. + 形容詞 / 副詞 / 介詞短語 I was forced to leave. 我被迫離開。(= into leaving) / The strong man forced himself into the empty room. 那個(gè)身體強(qiáng)壯的男子強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入了那個(gè)宅房間。
[短語]
by force 靠武力,強(qiáng)行 be in force 生效
come / go into force 生效 put in / into force 使生效
force one's way 強(qiáng)行前進(jìn)或進(jìn)入
9. devote 的用法
▲ 構(gòu)詞:
① devotion n. 獻(xiàn)身;奉獻(xiàn);忠誠;熱心,專心
② devoted adj. 忠誠的;摯愛的;喜歡的
③ devotedly adv. 忠實(shí)地,一心一意地
▲搭配:
① devote...to 把……獻(xiàn)給;把……專用于
② devote oneself to 致力于,獻(xiàn)身于;專心于
③ be devoted to 專心于,忠于
▲ 友情提示:各搭配中to均為介詞。
[考例][2004全國(guó)卷IV] First of all, I respected his ____ to teaching.
A. attention B. introduction
C. relation D. devotion
[考查目標(biāo)] 本題考查 devote 派生詞的詞義和用法。
[答案與解析]D devote的名詞形式是devotion,也應(yīng)
該和介詞 to 搭配。
8. devote vt. 投入于;獻(xiàn)身
devoted 忠實(shí)的;獻(xiàn)身……的;專用的
devote one's time / life / energy / oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于……;獻(xiàn)身于…… = be devoted to...致力于……;獻(xiàn)身于……;忠實(shí)于…… After that, he devoted his entire energy to these studies. 從那以后,他全力以赴從事這些研究工作。/ He is very devoted to his wife. 他很忠實(shí)于他的妻子。
7. depend 的用法
▲ 搭配:
① That depends. 要看情況而定。
② It (all) depends. 要看情況而定。
③ depend on / upon 依靠;由……而定.取決于;從屬于;依賴其維持
[考例][2004江蘇]
-- How long are you staying? -- I don't know. ____.
A. That's OK B. Never mind
C. It depends D. It doesn't matter
[考查目標(biāo)]考查depend在交際場(chǎng)合的用法。
[答案與解析]C it depends 意思是“看情況。不能確
定”。
6. defeat 的用法
▲ 構(gòu)詞:defeatist n. 失敗主義者
▲ 搭配:suffer a defeat戰(zhàn)。辉馐艽鞌
▲ 辨析:defeat;beat;conquer 這組動(dòng)詞的一般含義是“打敗”。
defeat 的含義是“打敗”,但被打敗者不一定服輸。例如:The public bet a lot of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. 公眾為門杜薩下了一大筆賭注,但是他被擊敗了。
beat則表示徹底“打敗”,而且被打敗者完全服輸了。
例如:It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and become Champion of England. 直到1790年第三次比賽時(shí),他才最后打敗漢弗萊斯,而成為英國(guó)的冠軍。
conquer 更可強(qiáng)調(diào)“把對(duì)方征服”,而且被征服者或被征服的國(guó)家為征服者所有,可以任意支配,特別指“獲得
對(duì)人、物或感情的控制。例如:Some countries may be defeated but can never be conquered. 有的國(guó)家可能被打敗,但決不能被征服。
[考例]-- Who ____ the team from No. 2 Middle school? -- I'm not sure. Perhaps the team from the nearby county.
A. defeated B. won C. beat D. gained
[考查目標(biāo)]本題考查defeat的常見用法。
[答案與解析]A defeat 意思是“打敗”,后面跟的是表示“人”或“組織”的名詞或代詞。
5. case的用法
▲ 搭配:
① as is often the case 這是常有的事
② as the case stands 在目前的情況下,就現(xiàn)有的情況而論
③ in this / that case 如果是這樣/那樣的話
④ in any case 無論如何,總之
⑤ in case (that)-clause 假使。如果,萬一
⑥ in case of 萬一……,如果發(fā)生……
⑦ (just)in case 以防(萬一)
⑧ in most cases 在大多數(shù)情況下
[考例](2005廣東)You'd better take something to read when you go to see the doctor ____ you have to wait.
A. even if B. as if C. in case D. in order that
[考查目標(biāo)]考查 case 構(gòu)成的短語的用法。
[答案與解析]C 句意:“當(dāng)你去看醫(yī)生的時(shí)候最好帶點(diǎn)東西讀以防等待”。in case 意為“萬一”;even if意為“即使”;as if,意為“好像”;in order that 意為“為了……”。就高考而言,除了 in case 之外,意為“以防萬一”的引導(dǎo)詞還應(yīng)掌握-,for fear that 和lest。
4. amount n. 量,常與不可數(shù)名詞連用
“the amount of + 不可數(shù)名詞”表示“……的量”。
[提醒]
“a large amount of + 不可數(shù)名詞”后跟單數(shù)謂語
“l(fā)arge amounts of + 不可數(shù)名詞”后跟復(fù)數(shù)謂語
There is a large amount of / are large amounts of coal to be sent there. 大量的煤要運(yùn)往那兒。
[比較] number 也意為“量”,但它指可數(shù)的事物的“數(shù)目,數(shù)量”。the number of ……的數(shù)目 / numbers of / a number of 大量的 后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞
3. add 的用法
▲ 構(gòu)詞:
① addition n. 加,加起來,增加物,增加,加法
② additional adj. 外加的,附加的,另加的
▲ 搭配:
① add sth in 算人;包括
② add A to B 把A加到B上,往A里添加B
③ add to 增加,加到
④ in addition 加上,又,另外
⑤ in addition to 加上,除……外,又
⑥ add sth up 把……加起來,總計(jì)
⑦ add up (to…)總計(jì)共達(dá);表示,等于說。意味著;總而言之
[考例]The president talked with the official for a long
time, ____ that he still trusted him.
A. added B. adding C. adding up D. adding up to
[考查目標(biāo)] 本題考查add及其構(gòu)成短語的意思。
[答案與解析]B adding的意思是“補(bǔ)充(說)”。add up to意思是“加起來等于”。
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