第二節(jié)(共15小題; 每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)
請(qǐng)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
請(qǐng)聽(tīng)第6段材料,回答第6至8題。
6. Who is the woman speaking to?
A. Her husband. B. A policeman. C. A fire-fighter.
7. What’s the woman asking for?
A. Advice on safety. B. Money. C. Help.
8. What has happened to the woman’s house?
A. It’s been burnt down.
B. It’s been broken into.
C. It’s been damaged.
請(qǐng)聽(tīng)第7段材料,回答第9至11題。
9. What does the woman want to know?
A. The best way to go to New York.
B. The quickest way to go to New York.
C. The cheapest way to go to New York.
10. How much does it cost the woman to go to New York by bus?
A. $5. B. $15. C. $50.
11. What do we know from the conversation?
A. The woman will go to New York by bus.
B. It will take the woman five hours to go to New York by bus.
C. The woman won’t go to New York by bus.
請(qǐng)聽(tīng)第8段材料,回答第12至14題。
12. When will the ballet performances be on?
A. This week. B. Next week. C. Next month.
13. When will the man attend the performance?
A. On Sunday evening.
B. On Thursday evening.
C. On Friday evening.
14. How much does the man pay for the tickets?
A. $20. B. $10. C. $40.
請(qǐng)聽(tīng)第9段材料,回答第15至17題。
15. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Good friends. B. Strangers. C. Classmates.
16. What can we know about the woman from the conversation?
A. She won a cup in last week’s tennis competition.
B. She is a science expert.
C. She works at St Jude’s Training College.
17. How long has the man been in the science department?
A. Half a year. B. More than a year. C. Two years.
請(qǐng)聽(tīng)第10段材料,回答第18至20題。
18. How often do people in the Historical Society meet?
A. Every week.
B. Every other week.
C. Every three weeks.
19. What is the main purpose of the Historical Society?
A. To find out what they can learn from history.
B. To study the people in history.
C. To learn about what happened in the past.
20. What do the Historical Society plan to do this year?
A. Study the history of the town.
B. Visit historic houses in the college.
C. Visit more historic places.
第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)
請(qǐng)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
1. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. In a park. B. In a zoo. C. In a pet store.
2. What does the woman mean?
A. Things here are very cheap.
B. Things here are not cheap.
C. She doesn’t know whether things here are cheap or not.
3. Where are the two speakers going to plant the tree?
A. By the front door.
B. At the back of the garage.
C. At the end of the garden.
4. Where does the conversation take place?
A. In a shop. B. In a hotel. C. In a restaurant.
5. What do we learn from the conversation?
A. The man went to New Zealand during Christmas.
B. The man visited New Zealand during the summer holiday.
C. The man’s parents live in New Zealand.
3、時(shí)間的控制:做好質(zhì)壁分離的實(shí)驗(yàn)后,不久就要做質(zhì)壁分離復(fù)原實(shí)驗(yàn)。避免使質(zhì)壁分離的細(xì)胞長(zhǎng)時(shí)間處于較高濃度的外界溶液中,細(xì)胞過(guò)度失水而導(dǎo)致死亡。從而觀察不到質(zhì)壁分離復(fù)原的現(xiàn)象。
2、試劑:選用0.3g/ml 蔗糖糖溶液。濃度過(guò)高,細(xì)胞質(zhì)壁分離速度雖然很快,但不久就會(huì)將細(xì)胞殺死,細(xì)胞不能進(jìn)行質(zhì)壁分離復(fù)原;若濃度過(guò)低,則不能引起細(xì)胞質(zhì)壁分離或速度太慢。
另外,8% 食鹽溶液、5%的硝酸鉀溶液、一定濃度的尿素、甘油……也可使用,但后面三者在引起質(zhì)壁分離后可自動(dòng)復(fù)原。
1、選材:選取紫色洋蔥鱗片葉外表皮。其細(xì)胞液為紫色,在顯微鏡下與無(wú)色透明的細(xì)胞壁容易區(qū)分,觀察到的質(zhì)壁分離和復(fù)原效果明顯。
另外,取新鮮水綿、黑藻葉、南瓜表皮也可以做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。
2、動(dòng)物細(xì)胞能發(fā)生滲透作用但不會(huì)發(fā)生質(zhì)壁分離。
例題:下面是一組用新鮮洋蔥表皮進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)處理和結(jié)果,請(qǐng)分析回答:
實(shí)驗(yàn)分組 |
處理方法 |
實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果 |
第1組 |
①將材料置于30%蔗糖溶液中 |
①發(fā)生質(zhì)壁分離 |
②然后將材料移至蒸餾水中 |
②發(fā)生質(zhì)壁分離復(fù)原 |
|
第2組 |
③將材料置于60%蔗糖溶液中 |
③迅速發(fā)生質(zhì)壁分離 |
④然后將材料移至蒸餾水中 |
④質(zhì)壁分離不能復(fù)原 |
|
第3組 |
⑤將材料置于7%的尿素溶液中 |
⑤開(kāi)始發(fā)生質(zhì)壁分離,然后逐漸自動(dòng)復(fù)原 |
第4組 |
⑥將材料放入100℃熱水中3min后取出,重復(fù)第1組實(shí)驗(yàn) |
⑥不發(fā)生質(zhì)壁分離 |
(1)洋蔥表皮細(xì)胞在第1、2、3組實(shí)驗(yàn)中均發(fā)生了質(zhì)壁分離現(xiàn)象,其內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)和外在條件分別是 。
(2)比較第1和第2組實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的差異,說(shuō)明 。
(3)比較第1和第3組實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,出現(xiàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果差異性的原因是 。
(4)比較第1和第4組實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,出現(xiàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果差異性的原因是 。
答案:(1)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)是有原生質(zhì)層和原生質(zhì)層內(nèi)外兩個(gè)溶液體系的存在;外在條件是原生質(zhì)層內(nèi)外兩個(gè)溶液體系存在濃度差
(2)高濃度溶液加快質(zhì)壁分離現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn),但由于引起細(xì)胞過(guò)度失水,導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞死亡,使質(zhì)壁分離復(fù)原不能發(fā)生
(3)尿素是可能被細(xì)胞主動(dòng)吸收的小分子物質(zhì),隨著尿素分子不斷的進(jìn)入細(xì)胞內(nèi)部,當(dāng)細(xì)胞內(nèi)外濃度趨于一致時(shí),質(zhì)壁分離就會(huì)自動(dòng)復(fù)原
(4)高溫致使細(xì)胞死亡,死亡的細(xì)胞原生質(zhì)層失去選擇透過(guò)性,不能發(fā)生質(zhì)壁分離
注意問(wèn)題
1、細(xì)胞發(fā)生質(zhì)壁分離后,細(xì)胞壁與細(xì)胞膜之間的空隙充滿的是0.3mg/mL蔗糖溶液。
2.方法步驟:
應(yīng)用:1、可以用于測(cè)定細(xì)胞液的濃度 2、可以用于判斷細(xì)胞的死活
注意問(wèn)題:
1.原理:成熟(有明顯液泡)的植物細(xì)胞能夠與外界溶液組成一個(gè)滲透系統(tǒng),通過(guò)滲透作用的方式吸水或失水。
4、結(jié)論: 細(xì)胞外溶液濃度 > 細(xì)胞內(nèi)溶液濃度,細(xì)胞失水 質(zhì)壁分離
細(xì)胞外溶液濃度 < 細(xì)胞內(nèi)溶液濃度,細(xì)胞吸水 質(zhì)壁分離復(fù)原
植物細(xì)胞質(zhì)壁分離和復(fù)原
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