3. When ____, water will turn into vapour.
A. heat B. to heat
C. heating D. heated
2. ____ it ____ or not, I will go to attend the
conference on time.
A. If; rains B. Whether; rains
C. If; will rain D. Whether; will rain
1. Unless ____ to speak,you should remain silent
at the conferenee. (2003上海春招)
A. invited B. to invite
C. invite D. inviting
8. Greatly loved in China are the English Romantic
poets.
倒裝句,正常語序為The English Romantic poets are
greatly loved...,為了強調(diào)或句子平衡,通常把形容
詞、副詞、分詞等提到句首。
Very exciting was the final game played here last
night.
昨天晚上在這兒舉行的決賽很精彩。
[句型歸納]
[考點1]What words and phrases do you think will be
useful when you want to talk about art and architecture?
當你想談論藝術和建筑的時候。你認為什么詞語是有
用的?
該句中,要注意 do you think 的位置:疑問詞 + do you
think / hope / believe / suppose / guess / say / consid-
er / imagine + 主語 + 謂語? 例如:
Who do you think will come to see me? 你認為誰會來
看我? (該句中,who是句子的主語)
回答時。不能用yes或no,只能根據(jù)疑問詞回答。
注意對比:Do you know / ask / tell / know / realize /
make sure + 疑問詞 + 主語 + 謂語? 例如:
Have you told him when we are going to the cinema? 你
告訴了他我們什么時候要去看電影嗎?
Do you realize how serious the problem is? 你意識到這
個問題的嚴重性了嗎?
回答時,首先要用 yes 或 no,然后再回答疑問詞的問
題。
[考例 1](1997上海)
-- I haven't heard from Henry for a long time.
-- What do you suppose ____ to him?
A. was happening B. to happen
C. has happened D. had happened
[考查目標] 本題考查連鎖疑問句的用法。
[答案與解析]C do you think 作為插入語,應該帶一
個完整的句子。本句中。what是主語,那么它需要的是
謂語。選項A中的 was happening 為過去進行時,而
這句話問的是現(xiàn)在的情況;選項B為不定式.不能單獨
作謂語;選項D中的 had happened 為過去完成時,跟
上句所提供的時態(tài)不統(tǒng)一;選項C中的has happened
符合本題時態(tài)。
[考點2]They are decorated with small round windows
that remind you of ships, bent roofs, and twenty-foot
high walls of glass that make them special when compared
with other architecture from the same period. 它們裝飾
有使人聯(lián)想到輪船的小圓窗,彎曲的屋頂。以及二十英
尺高的玻璃墻,這些玻璃墻使它們在與同期的其他建
筑相比時與眾不同。
該句中,要注意when compared...這里使用的是省略手
法,原句應為when they are compared...。在英語中,如
果主句和從句的主語相同,從句謂語中含有be動詞,此
時從句的主語和謂語中的be動詞常省略。例如:
Don't talk while (you are) eating. 吃飯的時候不要講
話。
Go to him for help when (it is) necessary. 有必要的
話,去找他幫忙。
[考例2](2002上海春招) When ____, the museum
will be open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing
C. being completed D. to be completed
[考查目標] 本題考查非謂語動詞以及省略句的用法。
[答案與解析] A 該題從句使用了省略形式。省略了與
主句主語一致的主語the museum以及系動詞is。選項
B、C、D都為非謂語動詞。
[考點3]But whether buses or trains or boarding aero-
planes, there wasn't a door she'd get through. 然而不管
是汽車、火車還是飛機,沒有一扇門她能進去。
該句中.要注意whether...or,表示“不管……還是
……”、“或者……或者……”。例如:
Whether we go to your place or stay here, we'll still
find something to eat. 不管是到你那去還是呆在這里,
我們都要找點東西吃。
Whether by accident or design, he broke the mirror on
the wall. 不管是偶然還是有意,總之他把墻上的鏡子打
破了。
whether 和 if 都可表示“是否”.引導賓語從句時二者可
互換。但是下面幾種情況只用whether:
① 引導主語從句時;
② 句子中有or not時;
③ 作介詞賓語時;
④ 引導表語從句時;
⑤ 放在動詞不定式之前,還可放在句首。例如:
I don't know whether to go or not. 我不知道去還是不
去。
[考例3](NMET 1996) ____ we'll go camping to-
morrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether
C. That D. Where
[考查目標] 本題考查whether的復合結構用法。
[答案與解析]B 本題中,根據(jù)題義可以知道,需要填
一個主語從句的引導詞。選項 A 中的 if 不能引導主
語從句;選項C中的 that 雖然可以引導主語從句,但跟
句子意思不符合;選項 D 中的 where 引導的是表示地
點的主語從句;只有選項 B 中的 whether 符合題意。
[考點4]Many large cities, such as Liverpool and New
York。have had experiments of this kind, with old fac-
tories turned into successful arts center. 許多像利物浦
和紐約這樣的大城市也有過這樣的實驗,把舊廠房變
成了成功的藝術中心。
該句中,要注意 with 后面動詞 turn into 的形式。這里,
介詞 with 的后面只能用非謂語動詞,turn into用了過
去分詞形式,表示被動意義,用來對前面的factories一
詞進行補充說明。例如:
A young man was brought in with his hands tied be-
hind. 一個雙手反綁著的年輕人被帶了進來。
With 的后面除了接過去分詞以外,還可接形容詞、副
詞、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞、動詞不定式等,做其賓語補足
語。例如:
With him to help us, we will finish the work well. 有他
們幫忙,我們會提前完成工作的。
[考例4](NMET 2000) ____ production up by
60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A. As B. For C. With D. Through
[考查目標] 本題考查 with 復合結構的用法。
[答案與解析]C 本題中,production后為up,它是一
個副詞,符合“with + 賓語 + 賓語補足語”這一結構。
選項 A 中的 as 是個連詞.后面接句子;選項B中的 + for
不能放在句首且常用于連接一個表示原因的并列句;
選項 D 中的 through 表示通過,不能用于這種結構;故
只有選項 C 符合題意,表示“隨著……”。
[牛刀小試3]
7. More than any other form 0f literature, poetry plays
with sounds,words and grammar.
詩比其他任何一種文學形式都更加講究發(fā)聲、詞匯
和語法的運用。
該句比較狀語從句被置于句首,正常語序應為
Poetry plays with sounds, words and grammar more
than any other form of literature.
短語 plays with 常作“玩耍”解。
It is dangerous to play with fire here.
在這兒玩火很危險。
但 play with 也有“玩弄、擺弄”之意。
He pays much attention to playing with words in his
articles.
他的文章很注重詞的使用。
6. Besides, no matter how well a poem is translated,
something of the spirit of the original work is lost.
另外,一首詩盡管譯得再好,都有可能喪失其原文
的部分精華。
no matter how = however引導讓步狀語從句,意為
“無論怎樣”。
If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any
difficulty, no matter how (= however) great it is.
注:however 也可以作副詞,表示轉(zhuǎn)折,意為“然而”。
He promised to come. However, he changed his mind
before leaving.
他原先想來,可是出發(fā)前改變了主意。
5. A is to B what C is to B.
該句型的意思為“A 對于 B 就像 C 對于 D 一樣(需
要)”,或“A 和 B 的關系就像 C 和 D 的關系” what引
導表語從句。
Water is to a fish what air is to a human being.
水對于魚就像空氣對人一樣重要。
4. Seen from the top, it looks as if the stadium is covered
by a gray net of steel, and it looks just like a bird's
nest made of tree branches.
從頂部看,體育館好像是覆蓋著一張灰色的鋼網(wǎng),就
像一個用樹枝做成的鳥巢。
(1) 句中分別使用了過去分詞 seen from...,made of
作狀語和定語,表示被動邏輯關系。
Newly painted this morning, the house looks beautiful.
(狀語)
今天上午剛油漆的,這房子顯得漂亮。
What do youthink of the housemade of wood? (定語)
你覺得這棟木結構的房子如何?
(2) 句中也分別出現(xiàn)了look as if...,look like,意思相
近,但后面分別接從句和名詞。
The building looks as if it is a round tower.
= The building looks like a round tower.
這座建筑看起來就像一座圓形的塔。
注:as if 后面可接虛擬語氣,如:
Dressed in red, the woman looks as if she were ten
years youngerthan she is.
這位婦女穿紅色衣服顯得比實際年齡年輕了十歲。
3. Every great culture or different period in the past has
its own ideas 0f beauty expressed in an and
architecture.
過去的每一種偉大的文化或每一個不同的時期都把
它自己的美學思想表現(xiàn)在藝術和建筑方面。
該句使用了have sth. done結構,其中過去分詞在句
中作賓語補足語,表示被動的含義。have sth. done
可表示三種意思:
(1)“讓某人去做某事”,此時have有“請,讓”的意思
I had my hair cut only yesterday.
我昨天才理了發(fā)。(請人理發(fā))
(2)“完成某事”。此時的have不含“請,讓”的意思。
只強調(diào)“事情的完成”,不論是誰去完成,有可能是句
子主語,也可能是他人來完成。
I must have my homework finished before going out to
play.
在出去玩之前,我必須把作業(yè)做完。
I have your medicine prepared now.
我已經(jīng)把你的藥準備好了。
(3)“遭受某種情況”,往往是遭受不幸的事情。
He had his left leg injured in the accident.
他的左腿在事故中受傷了。
2. I wouldn't feel happy living in a block of apartments.
住在一座公寓里我是不會感到高興的。
句中現(xiàn)在分詞短語 living in a block of apartments 在
句中作狀語,表示一個非真實的情況:要是我住在一
座公寓樓里(實際上我沒有住在公寓樓里),有了這
么一個非真實的情況(條件),所以句中使用了虛擬
語氣 (wouldn't feel)。
Your wife wouldn't be pleased to hear you say so.
假如你妻子聽到你說這些,她不會高興的。(實際上
沒聽到)
The chickens can eat the food that we would otherwise
throw away.
這些雞可以吃掉那些要不然會扔掉的食物。
(otherwise后為一個與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設)
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