考點:加減法中的巧算
專題:計算問題(巧算速算)
分析:(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)、(5)、(6)、(7)、(8)、(9)、(10)、(12)、(17)、(18)、(19)、(20)、(21)、(22)、(23)、(24)根據(jù)加法交換律和結(jié)合律進(jìn)行簡算.
(11)、(13)、(14)、(15)、(16)根據(jù)多加要減,多減要加進(jìn)行簡算.
解答:
解:(1)51+62+49+38
=(51+49)+(62+38)
=100+100
=200;
(2)64+127+129+23+71+136
=(64+136)+(127+23)+(129+71)
=200+150+200
=550;
(3)2+13+224+3330+6670+676+87+8
=(2+8)+(13+87)+(224+676)+(3330+6670)
=10+100+900+10000
=110+900+10000
=1010+10000
=11010;
(4)73+119+231+69+381+17
=(73+17)+(119+381)+(231+69)
=90+500+300
=890;
(5)82-29-22+259
=(82-22)+(259-29)
=60+230
=290;
(6)375-138+247-175+139-237
=(375-175)+(139-138)+(247-237)
=200+1+10
=211;
(7)162-(162-135)-(35-19)
=162-162+135-35+19
=(162-162)+(135-35)+19
=0+100+19
=119;
(8)163-(50-18)-(153-76)+(124-18)
=163-50+18-153+76+124-18
=(163-153)+(76+124)-50+(18-18)
=10+200-50+0
=210-50
=160;
(9)999+599+199
=999+599+(1+1+197)
=(999+1)+(599+1)+197
=1000+600+197
=1600+197
=1797;
(10)3996+449+98+9
=3996+449+98+(4+1+2+2)
=(3996+4)+(449+1)+(98+2)+2
=4000+450+100+2
=4550+2
=4552;
(11)1365-598
=1365-600+2
=765+2
=767;
(12)1206-199-297-398
=1206-(199+297+398)
=1206-[(199+1)+(297+3)+(398+2)-6]
=1206-[200+300+400-6]
=1206-[900-6]
=1206-900+6
=306+6
=312;
(13)93570-93534
=93570-(93500+34)
=93570-93500-34
=70-34
=36;
(14)45235-38235
=(45000+235)-(38000+235)
=(45000-38000)+(235-235)
=7000;
(15)465+197
=465+200-3
=665-3
=662;
(16)465-197
=465-200+3
=265+3
=268;
(17)280-24-76-65-35
=280-[(24+76)+(65+35)]
=280-[100+100]
=280-200
=80;
(18)267-162+84-38-147+116
=(267-147)+(84+116)-(162+38)
=120+200-200
=120;
(19)267-136+36-167
=(267-167)-(136-36)
=100-100
=0;
(20)325-251-34+151-66
=325-(251-151)-(66+34)
=325-100-100
=125;
(21)246+462+624-888
=(246+624)+462-888
=870+462-888
=462-(888-870)
=462-18
=444;
(22)125-24+251-240+512-402
=(125-24)+(251-240)+(512-402)
=101+11+110
=112+110
=222;
(23)21-20+19-18+17-16+15-14+13-12+11
=(21-20)+(19-18)+(17-16)+(15-14)+(13-12)+11
=1+1+1+1+1+11
=5+11
=16;
(24)12+23-34+45-56+67-78+89-78+67-56+45-34+23+12
=12-(34-23)-(56-45)-(78-67)+(89-78)+(67-56)+(45-34)+23+12
=12-11-11-11+11+11+11+23+12
=12+(11+11+11-11-11-11)+23+12
=12+23+12
=35+12
=47.
點評:認(rèn)真觀察,根據(jù)數(shù)字特點進(jìn)行組合,從而達(dá)到巧算的目的.