5.某些結(jié)構(gòu)后面要用省to的不定式(即動詞原形)：

　would/had rather,　 would you please,

　had better,　 rather than(而不是) …

4.動詞let, have, make, notice, watch, observe,

feel, hear, see, 后用動詞原形作賓補. 如改為被動語態(tài)，省掉的to要還原。

e.g. I heard Mary sing last night.

Mary was heard to sing last night.

3.某些動詞后須用不定式作賓補v.+n.+to do

e.g. advise, allow, permit, forbid, ask, beg, cause, choose, drive(驅(qū)使), enable, encourage, expect, wish,

force, get, invite, prefer, tell, think,　 want, warn, order, require, call on, depend on…

2.某些動詞后須跟不定式to do作賓語：

e.g. afford, agree, decide, demand, offer, determine, hope, expect, wish, happen, fail, manage, desire,

long(渴望), plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, intend, seem;…

五個助動詞(be，have，do，shall，will)

A→be動詞的用法

例：1) We are to meet at the school at noon.(約定)

2)You are to obey your parents.(義務(wù))

說明：am,is,are,was,were,have, has, had, do, does, did即可作助動詞有可作實義動詞。

例：1)She does not speak English.(助動詞)

2)She does her look carefully. (實義動詞)

B→have的用法

例：I have to work hard during this vacation.

C→Shall/will的用法

D→do的用法

助動詞do只有三個形式：do，does，did

a.　　 構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句

疑問句：Do(does/did)+主語+動詞原形+……？

否定句：主語+do(does/did)+not+動詞原形+……

b.　　 用在動詞原形之前，加強語氣，此時助動詞只有兩個形式：do，did

例：1)He did answer in this way.

2) I do believe you can do it well.

c.代替前面剛提到的動詞以避免重復(fù)

例：1)I like English and so does he.

2) He doesn’t watch TV everyday and nor/neither do I.

3) He works hard but his son doesn’t.

d.用于倒裝句，特別強調(diào)never，rarely，seldom，so等副詞。

例：Never did I see such an animal.

　 =I never saw such an animal.

第11講 非謂語動詞

非謂語動詞：包括不定式to do，動名詞doing，過去分詞done及現(xiàn)在分詞doing.

動詞不定式：

1.作主語或表語。

1) It is hard _____ a high mountain.(climb)

　 (不定式作主語，常用it作形式主語。)

2) The only way to reach the edge of the

forest ___ the narrow dirt path in front of us.

A. was to take　　 B. was to taking

C. will take　　　 D. was taken

(不定式作表語，常用來說明主語內(nèi)容。)

在英語中，助動詞本身是沒有詞義的，它主要幫助構(gòu)成謂語，表示時態(tài)，語態(tài)，語氣或構(gòu)成否定形式，疑問形式。請注意，助動詞在句子中必須同主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。

例：1)He is reading the newspaper. (時態(tài))　 他正在看報紙。

2)Tom was punished by his teacher.(語態(tài))

3)Do be quiet，please. (語氣)

4)She does not speak English.(否定)

5)Did you read this book ? (疑問)

英語中對謂語動詞的強調(diào)一般是強調(diào)一般過去時或一般現(xiàn)在時的句子，方式是在謂語動詞前加上相應(yīng)時態(tài)的助動詞do, does,或did，用于加強句子的語氣，其后動詞用原形。也可以在祈使句句首加助動詞do表示強調(diào)。如：

I do believe you.

Do be careful.

第十講 助動詞

(二)強調(diào)句與時間狀語從句

It was four o’clock in the afternoon when they arrived at the museum. (when 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句)

It was at four o’clock in the afternoon that they arrived at the museum. (強調(diào)句)

[真題回顧5]- Did Jack come back early last night? (2005福建)

- Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock________ he arrived home.

A．before　　 B．when　　　　 C．that　　　　 D．until

解析：句意是“他到家時還不8點鐘”，故是時間狀語從句，而不是強調(diào)句，選B。

區(qū)分強調(diào)句和定語從句的方法是將It is /was…that/who去掉，句子成分完整，則是強調(diào)句，反之則是其他從句。

(一)強調(diào)句與定語從句

It was in the hall that we held the English party. (強調(diào)句，去掉it was…that后，句子成分仍完整：We held the English party in the hall.)

It was the hall where (in which) we held the English party. (定語從句)

一般問句形式是：Is/Was it + 被強調(diào)部分+that/who+句子其他成分？如:

Was it during the Second World War that his grandfather died?

　特殊問句形式是：特殊疑問詞 + is/was +that/who + 句子其他成分？如：

When is it that the school sports meeting will be held?

[真題回顧4]-___________that he managed to get the information? (2005山東)

-Oh, a friend of his helped him.

　　　　 A. Where was it　　 B. What was it　　 C. How was it　　 D. Why was it

解析：根據(jù)下文的答語 a friend of his helped him可知上文是強調(diào)方式狀語。故選C。