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電磁感應(yīng)

1、(揚(yáng)州市2008屆第二次調(diào)研)電阻、電容與一線圈連成閉合電路,條形磁鐵靜止于線圈的正上方,極朝下,如圖所示,F(xiàn)使磁鐵自由下落,在極接近線圈上端的過(guò)程中,流過(guò)的電流方向和電容器極板的帶電情況是(      )D

、從,上極板帶正電;

、從,下極板帶正電;

、從,上極板帶正電;

、從,下極板帶正電;

2、(揚(yáng)州市2008屆第四次調(diào)研)如圖甲所示,光滑導(dǎo)軌水平放置在與水平方向夾角斜向下的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)中,勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)的磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度B隨時(shí)間的變化規(guī)律如圖乙所示(規(guī)定斜向下為正方向),導(dǎo)體棒ab垂直導(dǎo)軌放置,除電阻R的阻值外,其余電阻不計(jì),導(dǎo)體棒ab在水平外力作用下始終處于靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)。規(guī)定a→b的方向?yàn)殡娏鞯恼较,水平向右的方向(yàn)橥饬Φ恼较颍瑒t在0~t時(shí)間內(nèi),能正確反映流過(guò)導(dǎo)體棒ab的電流i和導(dǎo)體棒ab所受水平外力F隨時(shí)間t變化的圖象是(        )D

   

 

 

 

 

 

3、(徐州市2008屆第3次質(zhì)檢)如圖甲所示,正三角形導(dǎo)線框abc放在勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)中靜止不動(dòng),磁場(chǎng)方向與線框平面垂直,磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度B隨時(shí)間t的變化關(guān)系如圖乙所示,t=0時(shí)刻,磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度的方向垂直紙面向里.圖丙中能表示線框的ab邊受到的磁場(chǎng)力F隨時(shí)間t的變化關(guān)系的是(力的方向規(guī)定以向左為正方向)A

 

 

4、(南通四縣市2008屆高三聯(lián)考)如圖所示,金屬棒ab置于水平放置的光滑框架cdef上,棒與框架接觸良好,勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)垂直于ab棒斜向下.從某時(shí)刻開始磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度均勻減小,同時(shí)施加一個(gè)水平外力F使金屬棒ab保持靜止,則F   C

A.  方向向右,且為恒力

B.方向向右,且為變力

C.方向向左,且為變力

D.方向向左,且為恒力

5、(南通市2008屆第三次調(diào)研)如圖所示,一個(gè)金屬薄圓盤水平放置在豎直向上的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)中,下列做法中能使圓盤中產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電流的是BD

A.圓盤繞過(guò)圓心的豎直軸勻速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)

B.圓盤以某一水平直徑為軸勻速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)

C.圓盤在磁場(chǎng)中向右勻速平移

D.勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)均勻增加

 

 

 

6、(蘇北四市高三第三次調(diào)研)在磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度為B的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)中,有一與磁場(chǎng)方向垂直長(zhǎng)度為L(zhǎng)金屬桿aO,已知ab=bc=cO=L/3,a、c與磁場(chǎng)中以O(shè)為圓心的同心圓(都為部分圓弧)金屬軌道始終接觸良好.一電容為C的電容器接在軌道上,如圖所示,當(dāng)金屬桿在與磁場(chǎng)垂直的平面內(nèi)以O(shè)為軸,以角速度ω順時(shí)針勻速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí):(    )AC

A.Uac=2Ub0 

B.Uac=2Uab    

C.電容器帶電量Q

D.若在eO間連接一個(gè)電壓表,則電壓表示數(shù)為零

A

8、(南通市2008屆基礎(chǔ)調(diào)研測(cè))2006年7月1日,世界上海拔最高、線路最長(zhǎng)的青藏鐵路全線通車,青藏鐵路安裝的一種電磁裝置可以向控制中心傳輸信號(hào),以確定火車的位置和運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài),其原理是將能產(chǎn)生勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)的磁鐵安裝在火車首節(jié)車廂下面,如圖甲所示(俯視圖),當(dāng)它經(jīng)過(guò)安放在兩鐵軌間的線圈時(shí),線圈便產(chǎn)生一個(gè)電信號(hào)傳輸給控制中心.線圈邊長(zhǎng)分別為l1和l2,匝數(shù)為n,線圈和傳輸線的電阻忽略不計(jì).若火車通過(guò)線圈時(shí),控制中心接收到線圈兩端的電壓信號(hào)u與時(shí)間t的關(guān)系如圖乙所示(ab、cd均為直線),t1、t2、t3、t4是運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程的四個(gè)時(shí)刻,則火車  ACD

A.在t1~t2時(shí)間內(nèi)做勻加速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)

B.在t3~t4時(shí)間內(nèi)做勻減速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)

C.在t1~t2時(shí)間內(nèi)加速度大小為

D.在t3~ t4時(shí)間內(nèi)平均速度的大小為

9、(南京市2008屆4月高三調(diào)研考試)如圖所示的電路中,電源電動(dòng)勢(shì)為E,內(nèi)阻r不能忽略.R1和R2是兩個(gè)定值電阻,L是一個(gè)自感系數(shù)較大的線圈.開關(guān)S原來(lái)是斷開的.從開關(guān)S閉合到電路中電流達(dá)到穩(wěn)定的時(shí)間內(nèi),通過(guò)R1的電流I1和通過(guò)R2的電流I2的變化情況是AC

A.I1開始較大而后逐漸變小

B.I1開始很小而后逐漸變大

C.I2開始很小而后逐漸變大

D.I2開始較大而后逐漸變小

10、(如皋市2008屆抽樣檢測(cè))兩金屬棒和三根電阻絲如圖連接,虛線框內(nèi)存在均勻變化的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng),三根電阻絲的電阻大小之比R1:R2:R3=1:2:3,金屬棒電阻不計(jì)。當(dāng)S1、S2閉合,S3 斷開時(shí),閉合的回路中感應(yīng)電流為I,當(dāng)S2、S3閉合,S1 斷開時(shí),閉合的回路中感應(yīng)電流為5I,當(dāng)S1、S3閉合,S2 斷開時(shí),閉合的回路中感應(yīng)電流是【   】D

A.0        B.3I        C.6I         D.7I

11、(南通通州市2008屆第二次統(tǒng)一測(cè)試)如圖所示,MN和PQ為兩根足夠長(zhǎng)的水平光滑金屬導(dǎo)軌,導(dǎo)軌電阻不計(jì),變壓器為理想變壓器,現(xiàn)在水平導(dǎo)軌部分加一豎直向上的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng),金屬棒ab與導(dǎo)軌電接觸良好,則以下說(shuō)法正確的是          (     )CD

A.若ab棒勻速運(yùn)動(dòng),則IR≠0,IC≠0

B.若ab棒勻速運(yùn)動(dòng),則IR≠0,IC=0

C.若ab棒在某一中心位置兩側(cè)做簡(jiǎn)諧運(yùn)動(dòng),則IR≠0,IC≠0

D.若ab棒做勻加速運(yùn)動(dòng),IR≠0,IC=0

12、(南通通州市2008屆第二次統(tǒng)一測(cè)試)物理學(xué)的基本原理在生產(chǎn)生活中有著廣泛應(yīng)用.下面列舉的四種器件中,利用電磁感應(yīng)現(xiàn)象工作的是(     )B

A.回旋加速器         B.日光燈          C.質(zhì)譜儀         D.示波器

13、(2008年蘇、錫、常、鎮(zhèn)四市調(diào)查二)如圖所示,在水平絕緣平面上固定足夠長(zhǎng)的平行光滑金屬導(dǎo)軌(電阻不計(jì)),導(dǎo)軌左端連接一個(gè)阻值為R的電阻,質(zhì)量為m的金屬棒(電阻不計(jì))放在導(dǎo)軌上,金屬棒與導(dǎo)軌垂直且與導(dǎo)軌接觸良好.整個(gè)裝置放在勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)中,磁場(chǎng)方向與導(dǎo)軌平面垂直,在用水平恒力F把金屬棒從靜止開始向右拉動(dòng)的過(guò)程中,下列說(shuō)法正確的是CD

A.恒力F與安培力做的功之和等于電路中產(chǎn)生的電能與金屬棒獲得的動(dòng)能和

B.恒力F做的功一定等于克服安培力做的功與電路中產(chǎn)生的電能之和

C.恒力F做的功一定等于克服安培力做的功與金屬棒獲得的動(dòng)能之和

D.恒力F做的功一定等于電路中產(chǎn)生的電能與金屬棒獲得的動(dòng)能之和

14、2008年蘇、錫、常、鎮(zhèn)四市調(diào)查二如圖所示,MN和PQ為處于同一水平面內(nèi)的兩根平行的光滑金屬導(dǎo)軌,導(dǎo)軌的電阻不計(jì).垂直導(dǎo)軌放置一根電阻不變的金屬棒ab,金屬棒與導(dǎo)軌接觸良好.N、Q端接理想變壓器的原線圈,理想變壓器的輸出端有三組副線圈,分別接電阻元件R、電感元件L(電阻不為零)和電容元件C.在水平金屬導(dǎo)軌之間加豎直向下的磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度隨時(shí)間均勻增加的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng),若用IR、IL、Ic分別表示通過(guò)R、L和C的電流,則下列判斷正確的是AC

A.若ab棒靜止,則IR=0、IL=0、IC=0

B.在ab棒向左勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中, IR≠0、IL≠0、IC≠0

C.在ab棒向左勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中, IR≠0、IL≠0、IC=0

D.在ab棒向左勻加速運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中,則IR≠0、IL≠0、IC=0

15、溫州市十校聯(lián)合體2008屆期中聯(lián)考如圖所示,等腰直角三角形OPQ區(qū)域內(nèi)存在勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng),另有一等腰直角三角形導(dǎo)線框ABC以恒定的速度沿垂直于磁場(chǎng)方向穿過(guò)磁場(chǎng),穿越過(guò)程中速度始終與AB邊垂直且保持AC平行于OQ。關(guān)于線框中的感應(yīng)電流,以下說(shuō)法中正確的是BC

A.開始進(jìn)入磁場(chǎng)時(shí)感應(yīng)電流沿順時(shí)針?lè)较?/p>

B.開始進(jìn)入磁場(chǎng)時(shí)感應(yīng)電流最大

C.開始穿出磁場(chǎng)時(shí)感應(yīng)電流沿順時(shí)針?lè)较?/p>

D.開始穿出磁場(chǎng)時(shí)感應(yīng)電流最大

16、溫州市十校聯(lián)合體2008屆期中聯(lián)考如圖所示,水平的平行虛線間距為d=50cm,其間有B=1.0T的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)。一個(gè)正方形線圈邊長(zhǎng)為l=10cm,線圈質(zhì)量m=100g,電阻為R=0.20Ω。開始時(shí),線圈的下邊緣到磁場(chǎng)上邊緣的距離為h=80cm。將線圈由靜止釋放,其下邊緣剛進(jìn)入磁場(chǎng)和剛穿出磁場(chǎng)時(shí)的速度相等。取g=10m/s2,

求:(1) 線圈下邊緣剛進(jìn)入磁場(chǎng)時(shí),線圈產(chǎn)生電流的大小和方向;

(2)線圈進(jìn)入磁場(chǎng)過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的電熱Q

 

(1)線圈由1位置到2位置:自由落體運(yùn)動(dòng),

設(shè)在2位置時(shí)速度為v0

           (1分)

      E=BLV       (1分)

             (1分)

由以上三式可得:I=2A     (1分) 

  方向:逆時(shí)針                    (1分)

(2)線圈進(jìn)入磁場(chǎng)過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的電熱Q就是線圈從圖中2位置到3位置產(chǎn)生的電熱,

而2、3位置動(dòng)能相同,

由能量守恒Q=mgd=0.50J       (4分)

17、(江蘇省九名校2007年第二次聯(lián)考)(★★★★)19.(16分)如圖所示,水平放置的光滑平行導(dǎo)軌的寬L=0.2m,軌道平面內(nèi)有豎直向上的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng), 磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度B=0.5T,abcd棒均靜止在導(dǎo)軌上,質(zhì)量相等為m=0.1kg,電阻相等為R=0.5Ω.現(xiàn)用F=0.2N向右的水平恒力使ab棒由靜止開始運(yùn)動(dòng),經(jīng)t=5s,ab棒的加速度a=1.37m/s2,則:

⑴此時(shí)abcd兩棒的速度vab、 vcd各為多大?

⑵穩(wěn)定時(shí)兩棒的速度差是多少?

 

 

解:⑴ab棒在外力F的作用下向右運(yùn)動(dòng),從而產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電動(dòng)勢(shì),使得ab棒受到水平向左的安培力,cd棒受到水平向右的安培力,兩棒同時(shí)向右運(yùn)動(dòng),均產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電動(dòng)勢(shì),其回路的等效電動(dòng)勢(shì)

E = Eab - Ecd = BLvab - BLvcd = BL(vab-vcd) = BLv  (2分)

根據(jù)牛頓第二定律有:F - F= ma   (2分)

又此時(shí)的安培力F= BIL =   (2分)

因?yàn)槭欠莿蜃兯龠\(yùn)動(dòng),故用動(dòng)量定理有:

F - Ft = mvab-0     (1分)

Ft = mvcd-0     (1分)

得此時(shí)abcd兩棒的速度分別為:vab =8.15m/s  vcd=1.85m/s  .(2分)

       ⑵該題中的“穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)”又與前面兩種情況不同,系統(tǒng)的合外力不為零且不變, “平衡狀態(tài)”應(yīng)該是它們的加速度相同,此時(shí)兩棒速度不相同但保持“相對(duì)”穩(wěn)定,所以整體以穩(wěn)定的速度差、相同的加速度一起向右做加速運(yùn)動(dòng).

用整體法有:F = 2ma′   (2分)

對(duì)cd棒用隔離法有: = ma′(2分)

從而可得穩(wěn)定時(shí)速度差△v=vab-vcd=10m/s  . (2分)

18、(江蘇省九名校2007年第二次聯(lián)考)(★★★)19.(16分)如圖所示,足夠長(zhǎng)的金屬導(dǎo)軌MNPQR相連,平行地放在水平桌面上,質(zhì)量為m的金屬桿可以無(wú)摩擦地沿導(dǎo)軌運(yùn)動(dòng).導(dǎo)軌與ab桿的電阻不計(jì),導(dǎo)軌寬度為L,磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度為B的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)垂直穿過(guò)整個(gè)導(dǎo)軌平面.現(xiàn)給金屬桿ab一個(gè)瞬時(shí)沖量I0,使ab桿向右滑行.

(1)求回路的最大電流.

(2)當(dāng)滑行過(guò)程中電阻上產(chǎn)生的熱量為Q時(shí),桿ab的加速度多大?

(3)桿ab從開始運(yùn)動(dòng)到停下共滑行了多少距離?

解:(1)由動(dòng)量定理I0 = mv0 ? 0 得v0 =  (2分)

金屬桿在導(dǎo)軌上做減速運(yùn)動(dòng),剛開始時(shí)速度最大,感應(yīng)電動(dòng)勢(shì)也最大,有:

Em = BLv   (1分)

所以回路的最大電流Im = =  .(1分)

        (2) 設(shè)此時(shí)桿的速度為v,由能的轉(zhuǎn)化和守恒有:

            Q = mv2 - mv20   (2分)

解得:v =    (1分)

由牛頓第二定律得:BIL = ma   (1分)

由閉合電路歐姆定律得:I =   (1分)

解得:a =  .(1分)

         (3)對(duì)全過(guò)程應(yīng)用動(dòng)量定理有:

BILt = 0 ? I0  (2分)

I =  =   (2分)

解得:x =   .(2分)

19、(南京市2008年高三總復(fù)習(xí)試卷)(18分)如圖所示,一個(gè)質(zhì)量m=0.1 kg、阻值R=0.5Ω的正方形金屬框,放在表面絕緣且光滑的斜面頂端(框上邊與從AA‘重合),自靜止開始沿斜面下滑,下滑過(guò)程中穿過(guò)一段邊界與斜面底邊BB‘平行、寬度為d的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)后滑至斜面底端(框下邊與BB‘重合)。設(shè)金屬在下滑過(guò)程中的速度為v時(shí)所對(duì)應(yīng)的位移為s,那么v2―s圖象如圖所示,已知?jiǎng)驈?qiáng)磁場(chǎng)方向垂直斜面向上。試問(wèn):

(1)根據(jù)v2―s圖象所提供的信息,計(jì)算出斜面傾角和勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)的寬度d。

(2)勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)的磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度為多大?金屬框從斜面頂端滑至底端所需的時(shí)間為多少?

 

 

 

 

解:(1)由圖象可知,金屬框從開始運(yùn)動(dòng)到位移過(guò)程中,做勻加速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)。根據(jù)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)公式①,動(dòng)力學(xué)公式②,代入數(shù)據(jù)解得,。

圖象可知,金屬框從1.6 m運(yùn)動(dòng)到2.6 m過(guò)程中做勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng),位移,加速度,速度;從2.6m運(yùn)動(dòng)到3.4m過(guò)程中做勻加速直線運(yùn)動(dòng),,初速度,加速度。由此可判斷,金屬框從進(jìn)入磁場(chǎng)開始到完全離開磁場(chǎng)一直在做勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng),故s2=2d③,d=0.5 m。

(2)由勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng),當(dāng)金屬框運(yùn)動(dòng)位移為s=2.6m時(shí)開始做勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng),故受力平衡。即④,解得。

金屬框從斜面頂端滑至底端所需的時(shí)間

評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)(10分)寫出①②兩式各得2分,得到得2分,寫出③式得3分,得到d=0.5m得1分,(2)(8分)寫出④⑤兩式各得3分,分別解出B與t的值再各得1分,答不出酌情扣分。

20、(南通通州市2008屆第二次統(tǒng)一測(cè)試)(13分)兩根相距為L(zhǎng)的足夠長(zhǎng)的金屬直角導(dǎo)軌如圖所示放置,它們各有一邊在同一水平面內(nèi),另一邊垂直于水平面.質(zhì)量均為m的金屬細(xì)桿ab、cd與導(dǎo)軌垂直接觸形成閉合回路,桿與水平和豎直導(dǎo)軌之間有相同的動(dòng)摩擦因數(shù)μ,導(dǎo)軌電阻不計(jì),回路總電阻為2R,整個(gè)裝置處于磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度大小為B、方向豎直向上的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)中.當(dāng)ab桿在平行于水平導(dǎo)軌的拉力作用下沿導(dǎo)軌向右勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),cd桿也正好以某一速度向下做勻速運(yùn)動(dòng),設(shè)運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中金屬細(xì)桿ab、cd與導(dǎo)軌接觸良好,重力加速度為g,求:

(1)ab桿勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)的速度v1

(2)ab桿所受拉力F;

(3)ab桿以v1勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),cd桿以v2(v2已知)勻速運(yùn)動(dòng),則在cd桿向下運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中,整個(gè)回路中產(chǎn)生的焦耳熱.

 



 

 

 

 

 

 

 

解:(1)ab桿向右運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),ab桿中產(chǎn)生的感應(yīng)電動(dòng)勢(shì)方向?yàn)閍→b,

大小為                                             (1分)

cd桿中的感應(yīng)電流方向?yàn)閐→c,cd桿受到的安培力方向水平向右      

安培力大小為        ①          (2分)

cd桿向下勻速運(yùn)動(dòng),有                 ②           (2分)

解①、②兩式,ab桿勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)的速度為=   ③           (1分)

(2)ab桿所受拉力F+μmg④  (3分)

(3)設(shè)cd桿以速度向下運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中,ab桿勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)了距離,

, ∴                                      (2分)

整個(gè)回路中產(chǎn)生的焦耳熱等于克服安培力所做的功

==                   (2分)

21、(江蘇省2008年百校樣本分析考試)(12分)如圖光滑斜面的傾角θ=30°,在斜面上放置一矩形線框abcd,ab邊的邊長(zhǎng)l11m,bc邊的長(zhǎng)l20.6m,線框的質(zhì)量m1kg,電阻R=0.1Ω,線框用細(xì)線通過(guò)定滑輪與重物相連,重物質(zhì)量M2kg,斜面上ef線與gh線(efgh pq)間有垂直斜面向上的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng),磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度為B1=0.5T, gh線與pq線間有垂直斜面向下的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng),磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度B2=0.5T.如果線框從靜止開始運(yùn)動(dòng),當(dāng)ab邊進(jìn)入磁場(chǎng)時(shí)恰好做勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng),ab邊由靜止開始運(yùn)動(dòng)到gh線所用的時(shí)間為2.3s ,求:

(1)求ef線和gh線間的距離;

 

 

(2)ab邊由靜止開始運(yùn)動(dòng)到gh線這段時(shí)間內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的焦耳熱;

(3) ab邊剛進(jìn)入gh線瞬間線框的加速度.

 

 

 

 

 

 

⑴線框abcd受力平衡                  1分)

ab邊進(jìn)入磁場(chǎng)切割磁感線,產(chǎn)生的電動(dòng)勢(shì) 

形成的感應(yīng)電流   受到的安培力   1分)

聯(lián)立得:                            

解得                                          2分)

線框abcd進(jìn)磁場(chǎng)B1前時(shí),做勻加速直線運(yùn)動(dòng);進(jìn)磁場(chǎng)的過(guò)程中,做勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng);進(jìn)入磁場(chǎng)后到運(yùn)動(dòng)到gh線,仍做勻加速直線運(yùn)動(dòng).

進(jìn)磁場(chǎng)前   對(duì)M           對(duì)m

聯(lián)立解得:                         1分)

該階段運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間為  

進(jìn)磁場(chǎng)B1過(guò)程中   勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間  

進(jìn)磁場(chǎng)后   線框受力情況同進(jìn)磁場(chǎng)前,所以該階段的加速度仍為

                          1分)

 ef線和gh線間的距離  

      1分)

此時(shí)線框的速度為  

   ⑵                      3分)

   (3) ab邊剛進(jìn)入gh線瞬間線框的加速度沿斜面向下

        2分)

解得: 

 

22、(淮安、連云港、宿遷、徐州四市2008第三次調(diào)研)(10分)如圖所示,足夠長(zhǎng)的光滑平行金屬導(dǎo)軌cd和ef,水平放置且相距L,在其左端各固定一個(gè)半徑為r的四分之三金屬光滑圓環(huán),兩圓環(huán)面平行且豎直。在水平導(dǎo)軌和圓環(huán)上各有一根與導(dǎo)軌垂直的金屬桿,兩金屬桿與水平導(dǎo)軌、金屬圓環(huán)形成閉合回路,兩金屬桿質(zhì)量均為m,電阻均為R,其余電阻不計(jì)。整個(gè)裝置放在磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度大小為B、方向豎直向上的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)中。當(dāng)用水平向右的恒力F=mg拉細(xì)桿a,達(dá)到勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),桿b恰好靜止在圓環(huán)上某處,試求:

(1)桿a做勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),回路中的感應(yīng)電流;

(2)桿a做勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)的速度;

(3)桿b靜止的位置距圓環(huán)最低點(diǎn)的高度。

 

 

 

⑴勻速時(shí),拉力與安培力平衡,F(xiàn)=BIL

    得:(2分)

⑵金屬棒a切割磁感線,產(chǎn)生的電動(dòng)勢(shì)E=BLv

    回路電流

    聯(lián)立得:(4分)

⑶平衡時(shí),棒和圓心的連線與豎直方向的夾角為θ,

        得:θ=60°

(4分)

23、(淮安、連云港、宿遷、徐州四市2008第2次調(diào)研)如圖甲所示,一邊長(zhǎng)L=2.5m、質(zhì)量m=0.5kg的正方形金屬線框,放在光滑絕緣的水平面上,整個(gè)裝置放在方向豎直向上、磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度B=0.8T的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)中,它的一邊與磁場(chǎng)的邊界MN重合。在水平力F作用下由靜止開始向左運(yùn)動(dòng),經(jīng)過(guò)5s線框被拉出磁場(chǎng)。測(cè)得金屬線框中的電流隨時(shí)間變化的圖像如乙圖所示,在金屬線框被拉出的過(guò)程中。

⑴求通過(guò)線框?qū)Ь截面的電量及線框的電阻;

⑵寫出水平力F隨時(shí)間變化的表達(dá)式;

⑶已知在這5s內(nèi)力F做功1.92J,那么在此過(guò)程中,線框產(chǎn)生的焦耳熱是多少?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

⑴根據(jù)q =t,由I-t圖象得:q =1.25C      (2分)

  又根據(jù)                 (2分)

  得R = 4Ω                                  (1分)

⑵由電流圖像可知,感應(yīng)電流隨時(shí)間變化的規(guī)律:I=0.1t           (1分)

由感應(yīng)電流,可得金屬框的速度隨時(shí)間也是線性變化的,(1分)

線框做勻加速直線運(yùn)動(dòng),加速度a = 0.2m/s2                     (1分)

線框在外力F和安培力FA作用下做勻加速直線運(yùn)動(dòng),(1分)

得力F=(0.2 t+0.1)N                                 (1分)

⑶ t=5s時(shí),線框從磁場(chǎng)中拉出時(shí)的速度v5 = at =1m/s          (1分)

線框中產(chǎn)生的焦耳熱J             (3分)

24、(南京市2008屆4月高三調(diào)研考試)(本題12分)如圖,豎直放置的光滑平行金屬導(dǎo)軌MN、PQ相距L,在M點(diǎn)和P點(diǎn)間接一個(gè)阻值為R的電阻,在兩導(dǎo)軌間 OO1O1′O′ 矩形區(qū)域內(nèi)有垂直導(dǎo)軌平面向里、寬為d的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng),磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度為B.一質(zhì)量為m,電阻為r的導(dǎo)體棒ab垂直擱在導(dǎo)軌上,與磁場(chǎng)上邊邊界相距d0.現(xiàn)使ab棒由靜止開始釋放,棒ab在離開磁場(chǎng)前已經(jīng)做勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)(棒ab與導(dǎo)軌始終保持良好的電接觸且下落過(guò)程中始終保持水平,導(dǎo)軌電阻不計(jì)).求:

(1)棒ab在離開磁場(chǎng)下邊界時(shí)的速度;

(2)棒ab在通過(guò)磁場(chǎng)區(qū)的過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的焦耳熱;

(3)試分析討論ab棒在磁場(chǎng)中可能出現(xiàn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況.

 

 

(1)設(shè)ab棒離開磁場(chǎng)邊界前做勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)的速度為v,產(chǎn)生的電動(dòng)勢(shì)為E = BLv…(1分)

電路中電流 I = …………………………(1分)

對(duì)ab棒,由平衡條件得 mg-BIL = 0…………………(2分)

解得 v = ……………………………(1分)

(2) 由能量守恒定律:mg(d0 + d) = E + mv2……………………(1分)

解得  ……………………(1分)

 ……………………(1分)

(3)設(shè)棒剛進(jìn)入磁場(chǎng)時(shí)的速度為v0,由mgd0 = mv02,得v0 = …(1分)

棒在磁場(chǎng)中勻速時(shí)速度為v = ,則

1 當(dāng)v0=v,即d0 = 時(shí),棒進(jìn)入磁場(chǎng)后做勻速直線運(yùn)  ………(1分)

2 當(dāng)v0 < v,即d0 <時(shí),棒進(jìn)入磁場(chǎng)后做先加速后勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)(1分)

3 當(dāng)v0>v,即d0時(shí),棒進(jìn)入磁場(chǎng)后做先減速后勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)(1分)

25、(蘇、錫、常、鎮(zhèn)四市教學(xué)調(diào)查一)(14分)如圖所示,光滑且足夠長(zhǎng)的平行金屬導(dǎo)軌固定在同一水平面上,兩導(dǎo)軌間距,電阻,導(dǎo)軌上靜止放置一質(zhì)量、電阻的金屬桿,導(dǎo)軌電阻忽略不計(jì),整個(gè)裝置處在磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)中,磁場(chǎng)的方向豎直向下,現(xiàn)用一外力沿水平方向拉桿,使之由靜止起做勻加速運(yùn)動(dòng)并開始計(jì)時(shí),若5s末理想電壓表的讀數(shù)為0.2V.求:

(1)5s末時(shí)電阻上消耗的電功率;

(2)金屬桿在5s末的運(yùn)動(dòng)速率;

(3)5s末時(shí)外力的功率.

  

26、(鹽城市2008屆高三第一次調(diào)研)(14分)如圖(甲)所示,一對(duì)平行光滑軌道放置在水平面上,兩軌道相距L=1 m,兩軌道之間用R=2Ω電阻連接,一質(zhì)量為m=0.5 kg的導(dǎo)體桿與兩軌道垂直,靜止地放在軌道上,桿及軌道的電阻均忽略不計(jì),整個(gè)裝置處于磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度B=2 T的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)中,磁場(chǎng)方向垂直軌道平面向上.現(xiàn)用水平拉力沿軌道方向拉導(dǎo)體桿,拉力F與導(dǎo)體桿運(yùn)動(dòng)的位移s間關(guān)系如圖10(乙)所示,當(dāng)拉力達(dá)到最大時(shí),導(dǎo)體桿開始做勻速運(yùn)動(dòng),經(jīng)過(guò)位移s=2.5 m時(shí),撤去拉力,導(dǎo)體桿又滑行了s′=2 m停下.求:

(1)導(dǎo)體桿運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中的最大速度;

(2)拉力F作用過(guò)程中,電阻R上產(chǎn)生的焦耳熱;

 

 

 

 

 

(1)撤去拉力F后,設(shè)回路中平均電流為I,撤去拉力F時(shí)導(dǎo)體桿速度為v,由動(dòng)量定理得  -BIL·Δt=0-mv    I==BLs΄/(RΔt)

v=B2L2s΄/(mR)=8 m/s             (8分)

(2)由題知,導(dǎo)體桿勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)速度為v,此時(shí)最大拉力F與桿受的安培力大小相等,即

F=B2L2v/R

代入數(shù)據(jù)得  F=16 N

設(shè)拉力作用過(guò)程中,電阻R上產(chǎn)生的焦耳熱為Q

由功能關(guān)系可得  Q+mv2/2=WF

又由F-s圖像可知  WF=30 J 

代入數(shù)據(jù)得        Q =14 J 

 

 

27、(南通、揚(yáng)州、泰州三市2008屆第二次調(diào)研)(15分)如圖甲所示,光滑絕緣  水平面上一矩形金屬線圈  abcd的質(zhì)量為m、電阻為R、ad邊長(zhǎng)度為L(zhǎng),其右側(cè)是有左右邊界的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng),磁場(chǎng)方向垂直紙面向外,磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度大小為B,ab邊長(zhǎng)度與有界磁場(chǎng)區(qū)域?qū)挾认嗟,在t=0時(shí)刻線圈以初速度v0進(jìn)入磁場(chǎng),在t=T時(shí)刻線圈剛好全部進(jìn)入磁場(chǎng)且速度為vl,此時(shí)對(duì)線圈施加一沿運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的變力F,使線圈在t=2T時(shí)刻線圈

試題詳情

淮安市2009屆高三年級(jí)十月四校聯(lián)考

物理試卷         

 

考生注意:1. 本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分。試卷總分120分,考試用時(shí)100分鐘

     2.請(qǐng)將第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)答案填涂到答題卡上,第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)答案填寫到答卷紙上,否則答題無(wú)效。

 

第Ⅰ卷 選擇題(共31分)

試題詳情

云南省昆明市2008―2009學(xué)年上學(xué)期高三期末檢測(cè)

理科數(shù)學(xué)試題

 

       本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分。第Ⅰ卷1至3頁(yè),第Ⅱ卷4

       至6頁(yè)?荚嚱Y(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。滿分150分,考試用時(shí)120分鐘。

 

第Ⅰ卷 (選擇題,共60分)

 

注意事項(xiàng):

       1.答題前,考生務(wù)必用黑色碳素筆將自己的姓名、考號(hào)在答題卡上填寫清楚,并認(rèn)真

       核準(zhǔn)條形碼上的考號(hào)、姓名,在規(guī)定的位置貼好條形碼。

       2.每小題選出答案后,用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng),用

       橡皮擦擦干凈后,再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào),答在試卷上的答案無(wú)效。

參考公式:

       如果事件A、B互斥,那么                                                      球的表面積公式

       P(A+B)=P(A)+P(B)                                                                 S=4πR2

       如果事件A、B相互獨(dú)立,那么                                               其中R表示球的半徑

       P(A?B)= P(A)?P(B)                                                             球的體積公式

       如果事件A在一次試驗(yàn)中發(fā)生的概率是P,那么                    

       n次獨(dú)立重復(fù)試驗(yàn)中恰好發(fā)生k次的概率                                 其中R表示球的半徑

      

試題詳情

云南省昆明市2008―2009學(xué)年上學(xué)期高三期末檢測(cè)

文科數(shù)學(xué)試題

 

       本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分。第Ⅰ卷1至3頁(yè),第Ⅱ卷4

       至6頁(yè)?荚嚱Y(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。滿分150分,考試用時(shí)120分鐘。

 

第Ⅰ卷 (選擇題,共60分)

 

注意事項(xiàng):

       1.答題前,考生務(wù)必用黑色碳素筆將自己的姓名、考號(hào)在答題卡上填寫清楚,并認(rèn)真

       核準(zhǔn)條形碼上的考號(hào)、姓名,在規(guī)定的位置貼好條形碼。

       2.每小題選出答案后,用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng),用

       橡皮擦擦干凈后,再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào),答在試卷上的答案無(wú)效。

參考公式:

       如果事件A、B互斥,那么                                                      球的表面積公式

       P(A+B)=P(A)+P(B)                                                                 S=4πR2

       如果事件A、B相互獨(dú)立,那么                                               其中R表示球的半徑

       P(A?B)= P(A)?P(B)                                                             球的體積公式

       如果事件A在一次試驗(yàn)中發(fā)生的概率是P,那么                    

       n次獨(dú)立重復(fù)試驗(yàn)中恰好發(fā)生k次的概率                                 其中R表示球的半徑

      

試題詳情

云南省昆明市2008―2009學(xué)年上學(xué)期高三期末檢測(cè)

英 語(yǔ) 試 題

 

本試卷分為第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分.共150分,考試時(shí)間120分鐘。

 

第I卷(選擇題,共115分)

 

注意事項(xiàng)

1.答題前,考生務(wù)必用黑色碳素筆將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)在答題卡上填寫清楚,并認(rèn)真核準(zhǔn)條形碼上的準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)及科目,在規(guī)定的位置貼好條形碼。

2.每小題選出答案后,用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng),用橡皮擦擦干凈后,再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào)。答在試卷上的答案無(wú)效。

 

第一部分:聽力(滿分30分)

    做題時(shí),先將答案劃在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié) (共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)

聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

例:How much is the shirt?

       A.£19.5.                         B.£9.15.                          C.£9.18.

    答案是B。

1.What is the woman going to do?

       A.Ask for help.                 B.Leave the window open.  C.Shut the window.

2.Where are the speakers now?

       A.In a bookstore.               B.In a library.                   C.In the kitchen.

3.How was the concert?

       A.Boring.                         B.Exciting.                       C.Disappointing.

4.What is probably the relationship between the two speakers?

       A.Mother and son.             B.Husband and wife.          C.Renter and house owner.

5.What time does the flight take off?

       A.At 6:50.                        B.At 5:50.                         C.At 6:10.

第二節(jié) (共15小題;每題1.5分,滿分22.5分)

聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A,B,C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,每小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料,回答第6~8題。

6.When do they plan to give performances?

       A.These days.                    B.This month.                   C.On weekends.

7.What is Robert asked to do?

       A.To sing some songs.        B.To meet some people.     C.To play in the group.

8.Why is the man not sure of joining the group?

       A.He doesn’t think he is good enough.

       B.He doesn’t want to practise.

       C.He isn’t interested in performing.

聽第7段材料,回答第9―11題。

9.What is the woman?

       A.A student.                      B.A teacher.                      C.A tourist.

10.What will the woman help the foreigners practise?

       A.Reading.                        B.Speaking.                      C.Writing.

11.When will the woman take the part ? time job?

       A.In the summer vacation.  B.On weekends.                 C.Before exams.

聽第8段材料,回答第12―14題。

12.How does the woman keep in touch with her family?

       A.By writhing letters.         B.By sending email.           C.By making phone calls.

13.Why does the man like to be online?

       A.To get interesting information.

       B.To play games.

       C.To see films.

14.What does the man suggest the woman do?

       A.Make use of the Internet.

       B.Talk about music online.

       C.Make friends all over the world.

聽第9段材料,回答第15―17題。

15.What did the man study at first?

       A.Marketing.                     B.Chemistry.                     C.Language.

16.Why does the man want to give up his first job?

       A.He has to leave the company.

       B.He needs to earn more money.

       C.He doesn’t like a small company.

17.What job does the man hope to do?

       A.Company secretary.       

       B.International marketing manager.

       C.Software designer.

聽第10段材料,回答第18―20題。

18.Why did the young woman put her head out?

       A.She heard someone shout.

       B.She wanted to talk.

       C.She had nothing to do.

19.Why did the young woman get angry?

       A.The board nearly hit her.

       B.The man above shouted at her.

       C.She was disturbed.

20.How can a beginner understand a new idiom?

       A.By guessing the meaning of the words.

       B.By practicing it in everyday life.

       C.By referring to a dictionary.

第二部分:英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié), 滿分45分)

第一節(jié)   語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)

    從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

21.--- It's nothing serious. But do remember to take this medicine three times a day.

   --- Thank you. ________.

     A.Got it          B.Heard it         C.Make it          D.Take it

22.As Senior 3 students, we find it important to        a good state of mind.

     A.stick to        B.a(chǎn)ttend to         C.keep up          D.stay up

23.______, I think, and the problem could be settled soon.

     A.Making more effort                       B.So long as you make more effort

     C.If you make more effort                     D.A bit more effort

24.It is said that this is a special book, which ____ many events not found in other history books.

    A.writes           B.instructs          C.covers            D.reads

 

 

25.--- Could I ride your car to the meeting next Monday?

    --- _______. I'm afraid there might be no space in the car.

A.You are welcome                           B.That depends    

C.Take it easy                                                                    D.No way

26.He has hurt her, so she won't forgive him _____ he makes an apology to her.

    A.a(chǎn)lthough          B.once             C.if                 D.unless

27.When ______ to make a list of universities in Britain, most people would start with Cambridge or Oxford.

    A.to ask            B.a(chǎn)sking            C.a(chǎn)sked             D.a(chǎn)sk

28.--- Bad luck! We lost to their team 80-82 in the final.

    --- Never mind --- it could be ________.

    A.worst             B.better             C.best              D.worse

29.--- I can't stand the loud music any longer. Could you turn down your radio?

   --- Pardon? What _______?

    A.had you said      B.did you say       C.have you said     D.a(chǎn)re you saying

30.--- Shall I book a table for the family reunion dinner ahead of time?

   --- Yes, you ______. The restaurant is always full, especially during the Spring Festival.

    A.will             B.might            C.must             D.can

31.There is no _____ in trying to persuade him to join us, for he enjoys being alone.

    A.doubt            B.wonder          C.difficulty         D.point

32.Our teacher seems unhappy. We don’t understand _______ it was that made him feel that way.

    A.which           B.what            C.why              D.how

33.--- Have you ever heard of the new model of computer, Tom?

   --- Yes, of course. But I haven’t decided whether to buy ________.

    A.this              B.it                C.one              D.that

34.Unfortunately, all the equipment, the computers and the printers included, ______ in the big earthquake.

A.was damaged                                  B.were damaged   

C.has been damaged                            D.have been damaged

35.This is an amazing area of study ______ new discoveries are being made almost every day.

A.from which                                   B.by which       

C.in which                                   D.through which

第二節(jié) 完型填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)

閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從36―55各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)

When Don Richmond and his brother Mark stole their mother’s pocket address book one day, some 13 years ago, the two young men had nothing but good intentions.

Their   36   - Brian, a radio personality in Singapore and Suanne, a health advisor ? had   37   at a young age and didn’t have the means to have a big   38  . Don and his brother had heard their parents   39   several times that they wished they’d been able to   40   more people to share their joy. Since Mark was having great   41   following in his father’s footsteps as a radio host, he felt he was   42   to give his parents the perfect 25 th wedding   43   present ? the wedding they’d always wanted. Don was   44   in school at that time.

The Richmond boys got   45  . Going through the address book, they   46   family, old friends and colleagues, as well as made   47   to fly their grandmother in from England. At that point, Brian had not seen   48   mother for about seven years. On the evening of the August 1st wedding anniversary, Don and Mark   49   to meet their parents at the hotel where the feast would take place. They’d   50   thirteen tables and all their invited guests had already been told to remain   51   so as not to spoil the surprise. Their parents were caught   52   unawares (出其不意地) when they entered the room and were   53   by 130 guests yelling at the same time “Surprise!”

“My parents were truly   54   ,” says Don, now 31. “My parents say it was their best wedding anniversary ever. But they also   55   us that peaceful dinners with the family are pretty good, too.”

36.A.father                 B.mother                C.parents                D.brothers

37.A.met                    B.married               C.a(chǎn)rgued                D.separated

38.A.meeting              B.party                   C.picnic                 D.wedding

39.A.mention              B.regret                  C.a(chǎn)nnounce             D.inform

40.A.invite                  B.force                   C.cause                  D.require

41.A.job                     B.success                C.surprise               D.business

42.A.likely                  B.friendly               C.a(chǎn)ble                    D.honest

43.A.ceremony            B.a(chǎn)nniversary          C.celebration          D.a(chǎn)ctivity

44.A.a(chǎn)lready               B.yet                      C.a(chǎn)lso                    D.still

45.A.busy                   B.relaxed                C.curious                D.puzzled

46.A.found out            B.thought of           C.rang up               D.called on

47.A.comments           B.plans                   C.jokes                   D.guesses

48.A.its                      B.their                   C.her                     D.his

49.A.failed                  B.a(chǎn)rranged              C.tried                   D.hurried

50.A.booked               B.bought                C.a(chǎn)sked                  D.borrowed

51.A.a(chǎn)ctive                 B.calm                   C.quiet                   D.happy

52.A.completely          B.foolishly             C.silently                D.finally

53.A.found                 B.praised                C.greeted                D.noticed

54.A.interested            B.pleased                C.scared                 D.shocked

55.A.request                B.promise               C.warn                   D.remind

第三部分:閱讀理解(共20小題,每題2分,滿分40分)

閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

My name is Hua Fei and I am a sporting robot of the 23rd century. I am an expert at high flying exercises. I jump from spaceships and as I fall I turn, dive circle and dance until I softly land as close as I can to the finishing line. Robot competitions in the 23rd century are truly a popular sport. Fans from all over China watch their handheld TVs when a competition comes on. Last time I took part in the 78th Olympics on a flying island above Brussels in the sky. I won the silver medal for my performance.

This year I had the honour to be chosen again. I wanted to meet robots from other countries and explore ideas about sport. However, my programmer fell ill the week before we were going to leave. It was very painful for her and I felt very frightened. I no longer felt so confident that I would win. The day of the competition was rather cold for my legs and my special oil began to freeze. I paused before I jumped from the starting place on a little spaceship but then I began my performance. At the correct moment I tried to open my parachute but there was a problem. It only opened a little. Instead of flying softly to earth I began to fall faster and faster so that I could not turn, dive, circle or dance. My heart stopped beating as I landed heavily on a mountain covered with snow.

This is why I am writing to you from my hospital bed with two broken legs and a fragile (易碎的) head. I did not win anything at the Olympics after all. I need the factory to build me two new legs and an even bigger head. Then I will be able to compete once more. Let’s hope for greater success in the next Olympics!

56.What we know about Hua Fei is that he is          .

      A.a(chǎn)n experienced expert                          B.a(chǎn) computer system

       C.a(chǎn) flying spaceship                                D.a(chǎn) sporting robot

57.According to the passage,           would be a popular sport in the 23rd century.

       A.computer games                                  B.robot competitions

       C.plane controlling                                 D.sky diving

58.The reason why Hua Fei failed to perform well this year is that          .

       A.he didn’t do it in the right way             B.he couldn’t open his parachute

       C.he didn’t replace the batteries                D.he was affected by a wrong programme

59.At the moment, Hua Fei is           .

      A.being treated in a hospital                     B.being repaired in a factory

       C.being trained for the next Olympics       D.being taught to do high flying exercises

B

Phyllis Lee of Singapore knew something wasn’t right. Her younger son, Alex, then six years old, was getting good grades in his private kindergarten classes. But Lee realized something was wrong when Alex came home one day, crying, with “zeroes” on his Chinese spelling test. Lee decided to investigate. According to Lee, the teacher would frequently describe Alex’s Chinese writing as ‘ghost writings’ and made him a laughing stock in class instead of helping him out.

Lee, 46, spent the next 12 months teaching Alex and still helps him when necessary. She not only taught him the formation of the Chinese words but also their origin so that he could understand better, often taking more than an hour to read a simple paragraph. Visits to the library and surfing the Internet kept her up to speed on teaching materials. Alex’s grades improved and by the end of Year One, he had become one of the top students in Chinese in his class.

Alex is keeping an A ? plus average in all subjects, and his mother’s involvement is a big reason behind it. Alex, now 11, recently wrote a book recording his struggles with Chinese, which an international education center has published to inspire its students. He sometimes writes for local student magazines as well.

Lee has always had input into the education of Alex. She reads to him “all the time.” As a result, he is an eager reader who regularly visit the library.

To Lee, one of the most valuable things she does is to take turns with her husband to drive Alex to school. “We’d talk along the way. Talking enables me to have a better understanding of my child and reminds me of changes every now and then so that I know when to get involved, she says.”

60.Alex arrived home with tears because           .

       A.he failed in the Chinese exam               B.his teacher punished him

       C.he didn’t want to learn Chinese            D.his classmates did him wrong

61.Alex succeeded in learning Chinese with          .

       A.his teacher’s guide                               B.his classmates’ help

       C.his father’s influence                            D.his mother’s instruction

62.For Alex the great achievement recently is that         .

       A.he gets A’s in some subjects                 B.he wrote a book

       C.he earns some money                           D.he understands Chinese better

63.Lee’s education method succeeds mainly because of her         .

      A.involvement        B.communication    C.tolerance             D.encouragement

C

    So you want to be a writer … Send us your joke, anecdote or story, and if we publish it in the

magazine, we’ll pay as follows:

●MY STORY $ 500                                        ●FACTS OF LIFE

Personal stories beyond the call of                      We do not pay for these articles, but why

daily life. They must be unpublished,                 not share your question with the world?

original and less than 1000 words.                      ●SUBMIT (提交) YOUR ITEM

●EVERYDAY HEROES $ 100                        Jokes rdasia. com/jokes

Have you heard of an ordinary person                Comments rdasia.com/comments

who has done something extraordinary?              Stories rdasia.com/submit

Tell us about the person and, if we                     Fax (65) 6749 ? 3616

feature them, we’ll pay you $ 100 for                Post Please mark your articles clearly

finding the hero.                                              and mail to: Reader’s Digest Asia,

●ANECDOTES AND JOKES $ 100                 Editorial Department, Singapore Post Centre,

Funny things can happen at work and                PO Box 272, Singapore 914010

at home ? especially when kids are                     ●THE FINE PRINT:

around to pass comment. We may run                Include your name, address and phone

your gem (佳作) in Life’s Like That, All in        number. All articles become our property

a Day’s Work or As Kids See it, or as                on payment and publication in the magazine.

a short filler. Got a new joke? Send                    We reserve the right to edit and cannot

it in for Laughter, the Best Medicine.                 return material not accepted for publication.

64.The purpose of this advertisement could be to         .

       A.encourage people to writers                  B.persuade people to buy the magazine

       C.a(chǎn)ttract people to write articles               D.let people make a living by writing 

65.If you want to get $ 500, your article has to be          .

       A.a(chǎn)bout personal stories                           B.a(chǎn)bout heroes

       C.chosen and published before                 D.rewritten from other articles

66.Laughter, the Best Medicine and Life’s Like That are two          .

       A.books                 B.a(chǎn)rticles                C.programmes        D.columns

67.In the advertisement, rdasia. stands for          .

       A.Record Digital Asia                             B.Reader’s Digest Asia

       C.Remember Day Asia                            D.Register Date Asia

D

Last week at a friend’s birthday party, there was a mooncake eating contest and I persuaded my good friend Jonathan to take part in it. Even though he had just finished a big dinner, he managed to win the contest. Not only did he win a bottle of nice whiskey, but also a big box of expensive Hong Kong mooncakes. A few days later, I was hosting an opening party for my new office. Jonathan showed up with the lovely box of Hong Kong mooncakes he had won the other night. I thought it was a lovely joke, and the mooncakes were delicious. Still, it got me thinking about the concept of regifting in China.

In the States, we have a tradition around Christmas similar to giving mooncakes, only we call them fruitcakes. Fruitcakes are made from terrible preserved (加工過(guò)的) fruit and nobody likes to eat them. You often find your friends giving the fruitcake you gave them to someone else, and so on. But fruitcakes aside, it isn’t very often to catch someone regifting something in America, as it’s seen to be very cheap and embarrassing (尷尬的). An obvious way to tell if something has been regifted is to check the wrapping (包裝).

However, many of my friends in China will proudly regift an old gift, especially if it is still wrapped in a pretty box. I find it somewhat uncomfortable to receive a gift that I know wasn’t bought for me. But I also understand that the gift is perfectly good, it just lacks the special meaning of being picked out by a friend. There are many occasions in Chinese culture when gifts are necessary. There are traditional items such as tea, cigarettes and liquor which seem fine to regift. These gifts are not personal and have no special meaning. But is it really proper to give someone something that was never bought for them in the first place?

68.This article is written to          .

       A.praise some customs in China               B.question a social practice

       C.show how to regift                               D.tell an embarrassing story

69.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

       A.Americans often regift things on holidays.

       B.Regifting can hardly be seen in China.

       C.It is comfortable to be seen to regift in America.

       D.It is acceptable to regift some traditional items in China.

70.The second paragraph is mainly about         in the USA.

       A.giving fruitcakes                                 B.regifting

       C.checking the wrapping of gifts              D.Christmas tradition

71.The author thinks it really uncomfortable to receive           .

       A.a(chǎn)n expensive gift from a close friend     B.a(chǎn) gift given again by a friend

       C.some items such as tea and cigarettes     D.a(chǎn) box of mooncakes from Hong Kong

E

The Internet is now a central part of everyday life. The number of Internet hours in the West is increasing each month, but online addiction is still not attracting a great deal of attention.

Perhaps one reason Internet addiction has not taken off in the West is that there are too many other vices (不良事物) available. In a society relatively open to sex, gambling, alcohol and drugs, computer games are not always appealing to young people. In fact, there is almost a shame attached to playing online games. Many consider it an “uncool” thing to do. They would rather spend their free time meeting friends.

But this is not to say that people don’t do it. One website, wowdetox.com, still offers support to recovering “addicts”. One user posted on the website: “I would play all night and spend all day sleeping. I just quit a month ago. Best decision ever.” This is just one example from around 1,660 pages of confessions (坦言). Still, computer game addiction is not officially recognized in the West. Just last years, the American Medical Association refused calls to have computer game addiction classified (分類) as a disease, saying that, “Nothing suggests it is a complex disease similar to alcoholism.”

Online gaming is more personal in the West. It is rare for people to visit Internet cafes or play with friends at home. After all, the majority of households have their own fast Internet connection. This removes the social joy with friends. And this choice of playing alone is not very appealing to many people.

72.Why hasn’t Internet addiction become a big problem in the West?

       A.Surfing the Internet is not convenient.

       B.People have other choices for fun.

       C.The government has taken proper measures.

       D.People are too busy with their work.

73.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to          .

       A.become popular quickly                       B.left some place

       C.got one’s clothes off                            D.taken something away

74.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE in the USA?

       A.Personal playing online is attractive.

       B.Computer game addiction is officially recognized.

       C.It is a shame to play too much online games.

       D.Online game addition is considered similar to alcoholism.

75.We can learn from this passage that           .

       A.surfing the Internet is not so attractive in the west

       B.many other things interest western people

       C.the Internet is a central part of everyday life

       D.online games are getting more attractive in the west

 

第Ⅱ卷(共35分)

 

第四部分:寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分35分)

第一節(jié)  短文改錯(cuò)(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)

此題要求改正所給短文中的錯(cuò)誤.對(duì)標(biāo)題號(hào)的每一行做出判斷:如無(wú)錯(cuò)誤,在該行右邊的橫線上劃(√);如有錯(cuò)誤(每行只有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤),則按下列情況改正:

此行多一個(gè)詞:把多余的詞用斜線劃掉,在該行右邊橫線上寫出該詞,并也用斜線劃掉。

此行缺一個(gè)詞:在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(^),在該行右邊橫線上寫出該加的詞。

此行錯(cuò)一個(gè)詞:在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線,在該行右邊橫線上寫出改正后的詞。

注意:原行沒(méi)有錯(cuò)的不要改。

Have you ever suffered from some pains while grow up?                 76.          

Don't worry. I'll tell you some possible ways to deal with it.           77.          

If you have few friends because you are shyly, you                      78.          

may try to say hello to your classmates with smile                 79.          

first or start to talk with them first. Then you'll find                  80.          

they are friendly but very easy to get along with.                       81.          

To get good grades, you had to stop reading entertainment             82.          

magazine, and try your best to learn your lessons well.               83.          

Believe on yourself, and you'll be successful. If you have any          84.          

questions, and you can turn to your friends or teachers for help.        85.            

第二節(jié)  書面表達(dá)(滿分25分)

假如你是李華,對(duì)好萊塢環(huán)球影城(Hollywood Universal Studio)很感興趣。于是寫信給你的美國(guó)筆友Peter,詢問(wèn)有關(guān)影城的情況。要點(diǎn)如下:

1.影城的位置;

2.游客可以參加的活動(dòng);

3.游覽所需的時(shí)間;

4.游覽的大概費(fèi)用。

注意:

1.詞數(shù)100左右;

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫;

3.開頭語(yǔ)已為你寫好。

Dear Peter,

How’s everything going?

 

 

 

 

Yours,

Li Hua

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

試題詳情

云南省昆明市2008―2009學(xué)年上學(xué)期高三期末檢測(cè)

文科綜合能力測(cè)試

 

本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分,滿分300分,考試用時(shí)150分鐘。

 

第Ⅰ卷(選擇題,共140分)

 

注意事項(xiàng):

1.答題前,考生務(wù)必用黑色碳素筆將自己的姓名,考號(hào)在答題卡上填寫清楚,并認(rèn)真核對(duì)條形碼上的考號(hào)及姓名,在規(guī)定的位置上貼好條形碼。

2.每小題選出答案后,用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑,如需改動(dòng),用橡皮擦擦干凈后,再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào),答在試卷上的答案無(wú)效。

在每題給出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,只有一項(xiàng)是最符合題目要求的。

正午太陽(yáng)高度年變化幅度是指某地一年內(nèi)正午太陽(yáng)高度最大值與最小值之差.據(jù)此回答1~2題。

1.圖1中能正確表示正午太陽(yáng)年變化幅度(△H)的緯度(φ)分布規(guī)律的是      (    )

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.當(dāng)北極點(diǎn)的太陽(yáng)高度為20°時(shí),下列敘述正確的是                                           (    )

      A.地球公轉(zhuǎn)速度較快                           

       B.北京和新加坡的正午太陽(yáng)高度大致相同

       C.塔里木河出現(xiàn)季節(jié)性斷流                 

       D.智利政府可能發(fā)布南部地區(qū)居民減少戶外活動(dòng)的警報(bào)

3.若某船在Q點(diǎn)海域遭遇海盜,據(jù)所學(xué)地理知識(shí)

判斷,理論上往哪個(gè)方向航行能獲得更快速度

脫離險(xiǎn)境                       (    )

       A.東                      B.西                     

       C.東南                   D.西北

4.圖中P點(diǎn)的氣候類型是            (    )

       A.熱帶雨林氣候     B.熱帶草原氣候

       C.熱帶沙漠氣候     D.熱帶季風(fēng)氣候

圖3是40°S附近某地等高線地形圖和地質(zhì)

構(gòu)造示意圖。讀圖回答5―7題。

5.關(guān)于圖中河流所在區(qū)域的說(shuō)法,正確的是(    )

       B.河流徑流量季節(jié)變化明顯

       C.主要盛行西北風(fēng)

       D.山麓植被主要為常綠硬葉林

6.下列關(guān)于圖示地區(qū)的敘述,正確的是(    )

       A.向斜成谷,背斜成嶺

       B.①處可找到石油

       C.②③屬于同一板塊

       D.③處可能為變質(zhì)巖

7.造成圖中等溫線彎曲的主要因素是(    )

       A.地形和洋流        B.太陽(yáng)輻射

       C.海陸分布            D.大氣環(huán)流

    2008年世界金融危機(jī)從美國(guó)次貸危機(jī)開始引發(fā),造成了全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的大震蕩,并逐漸蔓延成為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。聯(lián)系所學(xué)知識(shí),回答8―9題。

8.受此危機(jī)沖擊最大的行業(yè)是                                                                               (    )

       A.國(guó)際旅游            B.國(guó)際電信            C.國(guó)際金融            D.國(guó)際貿(mào)易

9.從產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的地域差異方面分析,我國(guó)受此危機(jī)影響較大的地區(qū)是                   (    )

       A.東北地區(qū)                                           B.中部地區(qū)           

       C.環(huán)渤海地區(qū)                                        D.東南沿海地區(qū)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10.圖中A地高森林火險(xiǎn)氣象等級(jí)多出現(xiàn)在12月前后,B地則出現(xiàn)在7月前后,其主要自然原因分別是                                                (    )

       A.信風(fēng)影響和副熱帶高壓控制               B.厄爾尼諾影響和副熱帶高壓控制

       C.反氣旋控制和拉尼娜影響                   D.副熱帶高壓控制和信風(fēng)影響

11.假如一架飛機(jī)從A地日出時(shí)起飛,連續(xù)飛行到達(dá)B地降落時(shí),B地也正值日出。已知當(dāng)日惠靈頓(40°S附近)夜長(zhǎng)為14小時(shí),則飛機(jī)飛行時(shí)間約為                 (    )

       A.5小時(shí)                                                B.5小時(shí)20分鐘

       C.6小時(shí)                                                D.6小時(shí)20分鐘

12.中國(guó)古代二十四節(jié)氣比較客觀地反映一年四季氣溫、雨雪、物修等方面的變化,如雨水表示降水開始,雨量逐步增多。霜降一般在每年公歷的10月23日,它表示                             (    )

       A.氣溫下降,早晨草木上有露水            B.天氣漸冷,開始有霜

       C.開始降雪,天氣更加寒冷                   D.氣溫寒冷,大地一片銀裝

13.下列人物中,提出“諸凡不在六藝之科,孔子之術(shù)者,皆絕者道,勿使并進(jìn)”的是(    )

       A.韓非子               B.商鞅                   C.董仲舒               D.李贄

14.據(jù)《中華五千年生態(tài)文化》一書統(tǒng)計(jì),東周時(shí)期我國(guó)北方地區(qū)天然植被破壞主要集中于陜西、山西、河南、山東一帶,秦漢時(shí)期已擴(kuò)大到整個(gè)黃河流域。而魏晉南北朝時(shí),北方植被破壞有所緩減,導(dǎo)致這種現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)的原因是                                       (    )

       A.游牧民族南下,農(nóng)墾面積減少           

       B.北方商業(yè)發(fā)展,農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力銳減

       C.政府安撫流民,勸課農(nóng)桑                  

       D.北方運(yùn)用先進(jìn)工具,大興水利

15.武則天統(tǒng)治時(shí)期,“兵農(nóng)合一”的府兵制無(wú)以為繼,有的農(nóng)民為了逃避兵役,只好“自殘手足”。這種變化主要反映了                                                                                           (    )

       A.府兵制殘酷,農(nóng)民不愿意服兵役        B.唐朝軍事力量下降,走向衰落

       C.武則天推行暴政,矛盾尖銳               D.均田制崩潰,農(nóng)民無(wú)力自備軍需

 

 

16.《劍橋古代中國(guó)史》認(rèn)為,中國(guó)古代的行政體系不是簡(jiǎn)單的修補(bǔ),而是在不斷創(chuàng)新與完善,如明帝國(guó)的地方管理在今天看起來(lái)要比蒙古人高明得多。這主要表現(xiàn)在                         (    )

       A.建立錦衣衛(wèi)監(jiān)視地方官不法行為       

       B.設(shè)置三司分管地方事務(wù),互相牽制

       C.設(shè)置轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)使消除地方割據(jù)的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)

       D.以八股取士培養(yǎng)地方官對(duì)皇帝的忠誠(chéng)

17.19世紀(jì)末,一批先進(jìn)的中國(guó)人主張接納西方資本主義國(guó)家的財(cái)政管理模式,把改革財(cái)政、編制國(guó)家預(yù)算結(jié)算作為努力的目標(biāo)之一。體現(xiàn)這一主張的實(shí)踐活動(dòng)是                                (    )

       A.太平天國(guó)圣庫(kù)制度的創(chuàng)立                   B.洋務(wù)派開辦軍事工業(yè)

       C.洋務(wù)派開辦民用工業(yè)                          D.維新派開展戊戌變法

18.《從大腳到多變:中國(guó)百年間女人美麗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的變遷》介紹了中國(guó)女人美麗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的變化軌跡。觀察下表,1890~1919年女人美麗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)變化的原因有                                                        (    )

時(shí)間

美麗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

1890~1899

能讀懂新報(bào)紙的女人

1900~1909

會(huì)說(shuō)洋話的大腳女人

1910~1919

敢于婚姻自由的女人

       ①西方文化的傳入                                   ②男女社會(huì)地位的平等

       ③新文化運(yùn)動(dòng)抨擊封建禮教                     ④女性受教育程度的提高

       A.①②③               B.②③④               C.①③④               D.①②④

19.1919年6月英國(guó)《泰晤士報(bào)》發(fā)表評(píng)論說(shuō),巴黎和會(huì)與其說(shuō)引起了中國(guó)學(xué)生的爭(zhēng)取國(guó)權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng),不如說(shuō)它是近代中國(guó)人第一次對(duì)西方人說(shuō)“不”的國(guó)際會(huì)議。這主要是因?yàn)椋?nbsp;   )

       A.五四運(yùn)動(dòng)迫使北洋軍閥政府廢除了“二十一條”

       B.中國(guó)代表拒絕在《凡爾賽和約》上簽字

       C.中國(guó)在巴黎和會(huì)上收回了山東主權(quán)

20.圖6為1972年2月6日出版的美國(guó)《時(shí)代》周刊封畫,

標(biāo)題是“尼克松的中國(guó)之旅”,它客觀報(bào)道了尼克松訪

華前夕的時(shí)政背景,與之相符的是                  (    )

       ①中華人民共和國(guó)在聯(lián)合國(guó)恢復(fù)安理會(huì)常任理事國(guó)席位

       ②尼克松簽署《關(guān)于結(jié)束越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),恢復(fù)和平的協(xié)定》

       ③美國(guó)同意在臺(tái)灣問(wèn)題上遵循“斷交、撤軍、廢約”原則

       ④蘇聯(lián)陳兵中國(guó)北方,構(gòu)成對(duì)中國(guó)安全的主要威脅

       A.①②                   B.③④

       C.②③                   D.①④

 

 

21.十月革命勝利后,列寧指出“一個(gè)給受盡了三年掠奪戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)折磨的人民帶來(lái)了蘇維埃政權(quán)、土地、工人監(jiān)督與和平的政府,是不可能戰(zhàn)勝的,有什么東西能比這個(gè)真理更加不可爭(zhēng)辯、更加清楚呢?和平是主要的!睘榇,蘇俄采取的行動(dòng)是                                                        (    )

       A.推行戰(zhàn)時(shí)共產(chǎn)主義政策                      B.實(shí)施新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策

       C.與德國(guó)簽訂《布列斯特和約》            D.與德國(guó)簽訂《蘇德互不侵犯條約》

22.西班牙駐某國(guó)使館商務(wù)參贊恩里克由衷地贊嘆:“全世界五分之一的人口開始擺脫貧困和閉關(guān)自守,從柴米油鹽憑票供應(yīng)到各國(guó)美食遍布大街小巷,從清一色的藍(lán)灰服裝、綠軍裝到牛仔褲、超短裙……一個(gè)如此龐大的民族在如此短的時(shí)間里創(chuàng)造了如此驚人的經(jīng)濟(jì)奇跡!倍骼锟嗽诖速潎@的是                                   (    )

       A.蘇聯(lián)前兩個(gè)五年計(jì)劃的建設(shè)成就        B.羅斯福新政使美國(guó)擺脫了經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)

       C.二戰(zhàn)后聯(lián)邦德國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展            D.中國(guó)改革開放取得的巨大成就

23.法國(guó)歷史學(xué)家雅克?勒高夫在《新史學(xué)》中稱:“歷史不僅是政治史、軍事史和外交史、而且還是經(jīng)濟(jì)史、人口史、技術(shù)史和習(xí)俗史;不僅是君主和大人物的歷史,而且還是所有人的歷史!痹谶@里,雅克?勒高夫強(qiáng)調(diào)的是                                    (    )

       A.從社會(huì)各方面發(fā)展的角度闡釋歷史

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             C.以辯證發(fā)展的眼光研究歷史

             D.從與現(xiàn)實(shí)聯(lián)系緊密的角度探索歷史

      24.漫畫(圖7)《開發(fā)“新產(chǎn)品”》說(shuō)明(    )

             ①商品是使用價(jià)值和價(jià)值的統(tǒng)一體

             ②企業(yè)要堅(jiān)持經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益的統(tǒng)一

             ③企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)者要有良好的職業(yè)道德

             ④新產(chǎn)品能提升企業(yè)的信譽(yù)和形象

             A.①②④               B.①②③

             C.③④                   D.②④

      25.2008年12月23日,國(guó)家再次下調(diào)存款利率0.27%,一年期存款利率為2.25%。不考慮其他條件,在新的利率下,劉先生將2萬(wàn)元人民幣存入銀行,一年后他的利息收益應(yīng)是

                                                                                                                                    (    )

             A.396元                B.225元                C.504元                D.450元

      26.國(guó)務(wù)院決定從2008年12月起,在全國(guó)推廣“家電下鄉(xiāng)”活動(dòng)。四類產(chǎn)品(彩電、冰箱、洗衣機(jī)、手機(jī)),按產(chǎn)品銷售價(jià)格13%予以補(bǔ)貼。財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼政策支持“家電下鄉(xiāng)”,這對(duì)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展意義在于                     (    )

             ①為企業(yè)開拓市場(chǎng),促進(jìn)家電產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展

             ②拉動(dòng)農(nóng)村消費(fèi)升級(jí),提高農(nóng)民生活水平,協(xié)調(diào)城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展

             ③增加市場(chǎng)流通中的貨幣,降低物價(jià)

             ④有利于鞏固工農(nóng)聯(lián)盟的政權(quán)基礎(chǔ)

             A.①②                   B.①②④               C.①③④               D.②③

       

      27.次級(jí)貸款,在美國(guó)被稱為面向窮人的住房次級(jí)抵押貸款。由此引發(fā)的美國(guó)次貸危機(jī)使供求雙方都付出了慘痛代價(jià)。這表明                                                                                        (    )

             ①商業(yè)銀行不能向窮人貸款

             ②單一的市場(chǎng)調(diào)控有缺陷,要加強(qiáng)國(guó)家宏觀調(diào)控

             ③住房貸款風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大,商業(yè)銀行要提高貸款利率和抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力

             ④央行要加大金融監(jiān)管的力度,維護(hù)金融穩(wěn)定

             A.①③                   B.②③④               C.②④                   D.①③④

      28.面對(duì)當(dāng)前嚴(yán)峻的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì),促進(jìn)就業(yè)成為2009年政府面臨的最大民生考題。為確保就業(yè)形勢(shì)基本穩(wěn)定,2008年12月,中央經(jīng)濟(jì)工作會(huì)議提出:必須實(shí)施更加積極的就業(yè)政策,全方位促進(jìn)就業(yè)增長(zhǎng)。因此,政府應(yīng)           (    )

             ①拓展農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力就業(yè)渠道,扶持有條件、有能力的農(nóng)民工返鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)

             ②支持科技、資金密集型企業(yè)發(fā)展,推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)化吸納勞動(dòng)力

             ③加強(qiáng)區(qū)域勞務(wù)合作,鼓勵(lì)所有畢業(yè)大學(xué)生到基層、到西部就業(yè)

             ④牢牢把握發(fā)展主線,從根本上解決就業(yè)問(wèn)題

             A.①②③               B.①②④               C.①④                   D.②③

      29.國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室于2008年10月29日發(fā)表《中國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的政策與行動(dòng)》白皮書。全面介紹了氣候變化對(duì)中國(guó)的影響、中國(guó)減緩和適應(yīng)氣候變化的政策與行動(dòng),以及中國(guó)對(duì)此進(jìn)行的體制機(jī)制建設(shè)。人與氣候的關(guān)系是互動(dòng)的,因此也應(yīng)該是友好的。人們得出這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)說(shuō)明                                                                   (    )

             A.人們?cè)趯?shí)踐中逐步加深了對(duì)自然、對(duì)周圍環(huán)境的認(rèn)識(shí)

             B.雖然人類認(rèn)識(shí)世界和改造世界的能力不斷增強(qiáng),但是還不能擺脫大自然的束縛

             C.人與氣候之間的聯(lián)系是客觀的、無(wú)條件的

             D.人類應(yīng)該善待大自然,大自然也應(yīng)該善待人類

      30.針對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)對(duì)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響,國(guó)家推出4萬(wàn)億投資計(jì)劃以拉動(dòng)投資需求,促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。這表明                                                                             (    )

             A.事物都是一分為二的                          B.社會(huì)存在與社會(huì)意識(shí)是辯證統(tǒng)一的

             C.矛盾是事物發(fā)展的源泉                      D.認(rèn)識(shí)決定實(shí)踐

      31.“能苦會(huì)樂(lè)是做人的坦然,化苦為樂(lè)是智者的超然”。這體現(xiàn)的哲理是           (    )

             A.外因是事物發(fā)展的根據(jù)                      B.事物發(fā)展是量變和質(zhì)變的統(tǒng)一

             C.矛盾雙方是對(duì)立統(tǒng)一的                      D.理想的實(shí)現(xiàn)需要艱苦奮斗

      32.有一位著名作家說(shuō):“人生的道路雖然漫長(zhǎng),但緊要處常常只有幾步,特別是當(dāng)人年輕的時(shí)候。”這體現(xiàn)了                                                                          (    )

             A.人生真正價(jià)值在于對(duì)社會(huì)的貢獻(xiàn)

             B.事物的發(fā)展是前進(jìn)性與曲折性的統(tǒng)一

             C.內(nèi)因是事物發(fā)展的必要條件

             D.要善于抓住主要矛盾

       

       

      33.由于近期安全事故頻發(fā)引發(fā)的問(wèn)責(zé)風(fēng)暴,多名高官相繼落馬。值得注意的是,此次被免職的行政官員多數(shù)由黨組織提出建議,由人大依照法定程序免職。這一現(xiàn)象表現(xiàn)(    )

             ①中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨加強(qiáng)思想建設(shè)

             ②中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨加強(qiáng)組織建設(shè)

             ③中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨可以直接免去人代會(huì)選舉產(chǎn)生的行政官員職務(wù)

             ④人大依照法定程序行使任免權(quán),與黨管干部原則是一致的

             A.①②                   B.②③                   C.②④                   D.①④

      34.2008年11月,美國(guó)民主黨總統(tǒng)修選人奧巴馬戰(zhàn)勝共和黨總統(tǒng)候選人麥凱恩,當(dāng)選美國(guó)歷史上首位黑人總統(tǒng)。這一政治現(xiàn)象表明                                                 (    )

             ①在美國(guó),一切皆有可能,任何人都可競(jìng)選美國(guó)總統(tǒng)

             ②美國(guó)是實(shí)行兩黨制的民主國(guó)家

             ③由總統(tǒng)選舉的結(jié)果產(chǎn)生執(zhí)政黨是民主共和政體的特征之一

             ④在美國(guó),只有民主黨和共和黨才能參加總統(tǒng)選舉

             A.①②                   B.②                      C.②③                   D.②③④

      35.第七屆亞歐首腦會(huì)議于2008年10月24日至25日在北京舉行。首腦會(huì)議的主題為“對(duì)話合作、互利共贏”。與會(huì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人圍繞政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)文化三個(gè)領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行深入討論,包括與可持續(xù)發(fā)展相關(guān)的問(wèn)題。會(huì)議將致力于擴(kuò)大和深化亞歐的平等對(duì)話與互利合作,創(chuàng)造共贏局面,造福兩大洲人民。材料反映了                  (    )

             ①和平與發(fā)展是當(dāng)今時(shí)代的主題

             ②國(guó)家間的共同利益是國(guó)家合作的基礎(chǔ)

             ③求和平、促發(fā)展,是時(shí)代的要求,是不可抗拒的歷史潮流

             ④維護(hù)世界和平、促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展是我國(guó)外交政策的首要目標(biāo)

             A.①②③               B.②③④               C.①②④               D.①②③④

       

      第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題,共160分)

       

      36.(20分)閱讀下列圖文材料,回答問(wèn)題。

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          材料二  5.12汶川地震烈度分布示意圖。

         (1)圖中地震烈度達(dá)7度以上的省級(jí)行

      政區(qū)的簡(jiǎn)稱分別是        。(6分)

         (2)圖中烈度8度以上地區(qū)間的最大距離

      約為       千米。與本次地震災(zāi)害

      關(guān)聯(lián)性最大的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造是         ,

      其走向大致是            。(6分)

         (3)簡(jiǎn)述影響烈度大小的主要因素。(4分)

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

         (4)試分析造成該區(qū)域抗震救災(zāi)難度大的主要自然原因。(4分)

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

      37.(16分)圖9中的山脈是我國(guó)重要的地理分界線之一,讀圖回答下列問(wèn)題。

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

         (2)分析圖示區(qū)域黃河河段的水文特征。(4分)

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

      38.(32分)閱讀下列材料,回答問(wèn)題。

          材料一  《辛丑條約》簽訂后,帝國(guó)主義各國(guó)加緊了對(duì)中國(guó)的掠奪和控制。它們除繼續(xù)在中國(guó)遍設(shè)各種工廠外,還進(jìn)一步奪取筑路和開礦的權(quán)利,用直接投資和高利貸兩種方式把持中國(guó)鐵路、礦山。路礦權(quán)利的不斷喪失,成為當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)極為嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題!瓘1903年起,資產(chǎn)階級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的反對(duì)帝國(guó)主義控制我國(guó)路礦權(quán)的收回利權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng),在全國(guó)的許多省區(qū)迅速開展起來(lái)!找娓邼q的革命浪潮和人民群眾此伏彼起的反抗斗爭(zhēng),猛烈地沖擊著清廷的統(tǒng)治,一些督撫大員對(duì)此深感不安,他們認(rèn)為只有實(shí)行立憲,才能應(yīng)付危局,保住清廷的統(tǒng)治。特別是到了1905年,俄國(guó)在日俄戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的失敗,輿論大都認(rèn)為這與俄國(guó)未行憲政而日本實(shí)行了憲政有著密切關(guān)系!逭叫肌邦A(yù)備仿行憲政”。

      ――摘自白壽彝總主編《中國(guó)通史?近代前編》

         (1)根據(jù)材料一,概括清末“新政”實(shí)施的原因。(6分)

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

          材料二  清末新政是以自下而上的推動(dòng)和自上而下的改革雙向互動(dòng)的形式出現(xiàn)的!菩薪逃母,是想造就“尊崇孔教,愛戴大清國(guó)”的人,但無(wú)論是在國(guó)內(nèi)新式學(xué)堂中還是在留學(xué)生中,清政府并沒(méi)有獲得多少為己所用的人才,反而出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)不同于傳統(tǒng)士類的知識(shí)分子群體,成為王朝的掘墓人。清政府在全國(guó)各省擴(kuò)編新軍,原本是要以此來(lái)彈壓各種可能出現(xiàn)的變亂,卻又給革命黨人在各省以發(fā)展革命勢(shì)力的機(jī)會(huì),新軍絕大多數(shù)成了王朝的“叛兵”。清政府獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)實(shí)業(yè),原想借此以擺脫嚴(yán)重的財(cái)政危機(jī),卻導(dǎo)致了“資產(chǎn)階級(jí)利益、知識(shí)分子利益與專制制度的沖突越來(lái)越大”……改革以軍機(jī)處為政務(wù)中樞的部院制,在中央設(shè)立資政院,司立法之責(zé);裁汰軍機(jī)處與舊內(nèi)閣,設(shè)十一部,掌行政之事!1909年清政府明令各省一律成立咨議局。其職權(quán)是:議決本省應(yīng)革事件;選舉資政院議員,申復(fù)資政院、督撫咨詢事件;公斷和解本省自治會(huì)的爭(zhēng)議事件;收受自治會(huì)或人民陳請(qǐng)建議事件等。從上述職權(quán)看來(lái),咨議局似乎具備了地方議會(huì)的雛形。

      ――摘編自陳旭麓《近代中國(guó)社會(huì)的新陳代謝》和《新編中國(guó)歷朝紀(jì)事本末?明清卷》

         (2)根據(jù)材料二,歸納清末“新政”的主要內(nèi)容。(8分)

       

       

       

       

       

          材料三  清末新政不僅繼承了洋務(wù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的事業(yè),而且繼承了百日維新的事業(yè)……它雖然沒(méi)有超出戊戌維新的社會(huì)政治藍(lán)圖,但它由“師夷”走向“變法”,由“變器”走向“變道”,又說(shuō)明它比洋務(wù)自強(qiáng)運(yùn)動(dòng)走得更遠(yuǎn)。

      ――摘編自陳旭麓《近代中國(guó)社會(huì)的新陳代謝》

      試題詳情

      云南省昆明市2008―2009學(xué)年上學(xué)期高三期末檢測(cè)

      理科綜合能力測(cè)試

       

      本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分,滿分300分,考試用時(shí)150分鐘。

       

      第Ⅰ卷(選擇題,共126分)

       

      注意事項(xiàng):

      1.答題前,考生務(wù)必用黑色碳素筆將自己的姓名,考號(hào)在答題卡上填寫清楚,并認(rèn)真核對(duì)條形碼上的考號(hào)及姓名,在規(guī)定的位置上貼好條形碼。

      2.每小題選出答案后,用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑,如需改動(dòng),用橡皮擦擦干凈后,再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào),答在試卷上的答案無(wú)效。

      可能用到的相對(duì)原子質(zhì)量:P 31  Fe 56

      本卷共21小題,每小題6分,共126分。

      試題詳情

      甘肅省天水一中2009屆高三第一學(xué)期期末考試數(shù)學(xué)試題(理)

             命題:王開祥     校對(duì):王亞平    審核:高玲玲            

      考生注意:

      本試卷分第I卷(選擇題)和第II卷(非選擇題)兩部分. 150. 考試時(shí)間120分鐘.

      I

      參考公式

             如果事件AB互斥,那么PA+B=P(A)+P(B)

             如果事件AB相互獨(dú)立,那么PA?B=P(A)?P(B)

             如果事件A在一次試驗(yàn)中發(fā)生的概率是P,那么

      n次獨(dú)立重復(fù)試驗(yàn)中恰好發(fā)生k次的概率

      Pn(k)=CPk(1P)nk

      試題詳情

      甘肅省天水一中2009屆高三第一學(xué)期期末考試數(shù)學(xué)試題(文)

             命題:王開祥     校對(duì):王亞平    審核:高玲玲            

      考生注意:

      本試卷分第I卷(選擇題)和第II卷(非選擇題)兩部分. 150. 考試時(shí)間120分鐘.

      I

      參考公式

             如果事件AB互斥,那么PA+B=P(A)+P(B)

             如果事件AB相互獨(dú)立,那么PA?B=P(A)?P(B)

             如果事件A在一次試驗(yàn)中發(fā)生的概率是P那么

      n次獨(dú)立重復(fù)試驗(yàn)中恰好發(fā)生k次的概率

      Pn(k)=CPk(1P)nk

      試題詳情

        1(20分)

      如圖12所示,PR是一塊長(zhǎng)為L=4 m的絕緣平板固定在水平地面上,整個(gè)空間有一個(gè)平行于PR的勻強(qiáng)電場(chǎng)E,在板的右半部分有一個(gè)垂直于紙面向外的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)B,一個(gè)質(zhì)量為m=0.1 kg,帶電量為q=0.5 C的物體,從板的P端由靜止開始在電場(chǎng)力和摩擦力的作用下向右做勻加速運(yùn)動(dòng),進(jìn)入磁場(chǎng)后恰能做勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)。當(dāng)物體碰到板R端的擋板后被彈回,若在碰撞瞬間撤去電場(chǎng),物體返回時(shí)在磁場(chǎng)中仍做勻速運(yùn)動(dòng),離開磁場(chǎng)后做勻減速運(yùn)動(dòng)停在C點(diǎn),PC=L/4,物體與平板間的動(dòng)摩擦因數(shù)為μ=0.4,取g=10m/s2 ,求:

      (1)判斷物體帶電性質(zhì),正電荷還是負(fù)電荷?

      (2)物體與擋板碰撞前后的速度v1v2

      (3)磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度B的大小

      文本框: 圖12(4)電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度E的大小和方向

       

                   

       

      2(10分)如圖2―14所示,光滑水平桌面上有長(zhǎng)L=2m的木板C,質(zhì)量mc=5kg,在其正中央并排放著兩個(gè)小滑塊A和B,mA=1kg,mB=4kg,開始時(shí)三物都靜止.在A、B間有少量塑膠炸藥,爆炸后A以速度6m/s水平向左運(yùn)動(dòng),A、B中任一塊與擋板碰撞后,都粘在一起,不計(jì)摩擦和碰撞時(shí)間,求:

          (1)當(dāng)兩滑塊A、B都與擋板碰撞后,C的速度是多大?

          (2)到A、B都與擋板碰撞為止,C的位移為多少?

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

      3(10分)為了測(cè)量小木板和斜面間的摩擦因數(shù),某同學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)如圖所示實(shí)驗(yàn),在小木板上固定一個(gè)輕彈簧,彈簧下端吊一個(gè)光滑小球,彈簧長(zhǎng)度方向與斜面平行,現(xiàn)將木板連同彈簧、小球放在斜面上,用手固定木板時(shí),彈簧示數(shù)為F,放手后,木板沿斜面下滑,穩(wěn)定后彈簧示數(shù)為F,測(cè)得斜面斜角為θ,則木板與斜面間動(dòng)摩擦因數(shù)為多少?(斜面體固定在地面上)

       

       

       

       

      4有一傾角為θ的斜面,其底端固定一擋板M,另有三個(gè)木塊A、B和C,它們的質(zhì)

      量分別為m=m=m,m=3 m,它們與斜面間的動(dòng)摩擦因數(shù)都相同.其中木塊A連接一輕彈簧放于斜面上,并通過(guò)輕彈簧與擋板M相連,如圖所示.開始時(shí),木塊A靜止在P處,彈簧處于自然伸長(zhǎng)狀態(tài).木塊B在Q點(diǎn)以初速度v向下運(yùn)動(dòng),P、Q間的距離為L(zhǎng).已知木塊B在下滑過(guò)程中做勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng),與木塊A相碰后立刻一起向下運(yùn)動(dòng),但不粘連,它們到達(dá)一個(gè)最低點(diǎn)后又向上運(yùn)動(dòng),木塊B向上運(yùn)動(dòng)恰好能回到Q點(diǎn).若木塊A靜止于P點(diǎn),木塊C從Q點(diǎn)開始以初速度向下運(yùn)動(dòng),經(jīng)歷同樣過(guò)程,最后木塊C停在斜面上的R點(diǎn),求P、R間的距離L′的大小。

       

       

       

       

      5

      如圖,足夠長(zhǎng)的水平傳送帶始終以大小為v=3m/s的速度向左運(yùn)動(dòng),傳送帶上有一質(zhì)量為M=2kg的小木盒A,A與傳送帶之間的動(dòng)摩擦因數(shù)為μ=0.3,開始時(shí),A與傳送帶之間保持相對(duì)靜止。先后相隔△t=3s有兩個(gè)光滑的質(zhì)量為m=1kg的小球B自傳送帶的左端出發(fā),以v0=15m/s的速度在傳送帶上向右運(yùn)動(dòng)。第1個(gè)球與木盒相遇后,球立即進(jìn)入盒中與盒保持相對(duì)靜止,第2個(gè)球出發(fā)后歷時(shí)△t1=1s/3而與木盒相遇。求(取g=10m/s2

      (1)第1個(gè)球與木盒相遇后瞬間,兩者共同運(yùn)動(dòng)的速度時(shí)多大?

      (2)第1個(gè)球出發(fā)后經(jīng)過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間與木盒相遇?

      (3)自木盒與第1個(gè)球相遇至與第2個(gè)球相遇的過(guò)程中,由于木盒與傳送帶間的摩擦而產(chǎn)生的熱量是多少?

       

       

       

       

      6

      如圖所示,兩平行金屬板A、B長(zhǎng)l=8cm,兩板間距離d=8cm,A板比B板電勢(shì)高300V,即UAB=300V。一帶正電的粒子電量q=10-10­C,質(zhì)量m=10-20­kg,從R點(diǎn)沿電場(chǎng)中心線垂直電場(chǎng)線飛入電場(chǎng),初速度v0=2×106m/s,粒子飛出平行板電場(chǎng)后經(jīng)過(guò)界面MN、PS間的無(wú)電場(chǎng)區(qū)域后,進(jìn)入固定在中心線上的O點(diǎn)的點(diǎn)電荷Q形成的電場(chǎng)區(qū)域(設(shè)界面PS右邊點(diǎn)電荷的電場(chǎng)分布不受界面的影響)。已知兩界面MN、PS相距為L(zhǎng)=12cm,粒子穿過(guò)界面PS最后垂直打在放置于中心線上的熒光屏EF上。求(靜電力常數(shù)k=9×10N?m2/C2

      (1)粒子穿過(guò)界面PS時(shí)偏離中心線RO的距離多遠(yuǎn)?

      (2)點(diǎn)電荷的電量。

       

       

       

       

       

      7光滑水平面上放有如圖所示的用絕緣材料制成的L形滑板(平面部分足夠長(zhǎng)),質(zhì)量為4m,距滑板的A壁為L1距離的B處放有一質(zhì)量為m,電量為+q的大小不計(jì)的小物體,物體與板面的摩擦不計(jì).整個(gè)裝置置于場(chǎng)強(qiáng)為E的勻強(qiáng)電場(chǎng)中,初始時(shí)刻,滑板與物體都靜止.試問(wèn):

      (1)釋放小物體,第一次與滑板A壁碰前物體的速度v1,

             多大?

      (2)若物體與A壁碰后相對(duì)水平面的速度大小為碰前速率

      的3/5,則物體在第二次跟A碰撞之前,滑板相對(duì)于

      水平面的速度v2和物體相對(duì)于水平面的速度v3分別為

      多大?

      (3)物體從開始到第二次碰撞前,電場(chǎng)力做功為多大?(設(shè)碰撞經(jīng)歷時(shí)間極短且無(wú)能量損失)

       

      8如圖(甲)所示,兩水平放置的平行金屬板C、D相距很近,上面分別開有小孔 OO',水平放置的平行金屬導(dǎo)軌P、Q與金屬板C、D接觸良好,且導(dǎo)軌垂直放在磁感強(qiáng)度為B1=10T的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)中,導(dǎo)軌間距L=0.50m,金屬棒AB緊貼著導(dǎo)軌沿平行導(dǎo)軌方向在磁場(chǎng)中做往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng),其速度圖象如圖(乙),若規(guī)定向右運(yùn)動(dòng)速度方向?yàn)檎较颍畯?i>t=0時(shí)刻開始,由C板小孔O處連續(xù)不斷地以垂直于C板方向飄入質(zhì)量為m=3.2×10 -21kg、電量q=1.6×10 -19C的帶正電的粒子(設(shè)飄入速度很小,可視為零).在D板外側(cè)有以MN為邊界的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)B2=10T,MND相距d=10cm,B1B2方向如圖所示(粒子重力及其相互作用不計(jì)),求   

       

       

       

       

      (1)0到4.Os內(nèi)哪些時(shí)刻從O處飄入的粒子能穿過(guò)電場(chǎng)并飛出磁場(chǎng)邊界MN?

      (2)粒子從邊界MN射出來(lái)的位置之間最大的距離為多少?

       

      9(20分)如下圖所示,空間存在著一個(gè)范圍足夠大的豎直向下的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng),磁場(chǎng)的磁感強(qiáng)度大小為B.邊長(zhǎng)為l的正方形金屬框abcd(下簡(jiǎn)稱方框)放在光滑的水平地面上,其外側(cè)套著一個(gè)與方框邊長(zhǎng)相同的U型金屬框架MNPQ(僅有MN、NQ、QP三條邊,下簡(jiǎn)稱U型框),U型框與方框之間接觸良好且無(wú)摩擦.兩個(gè)金屬框每條邊的質(zhì)量均為m,每條邊的電阻均為r

       

             

       

       

       

       

       

      (1)將方框固定不動(dòng),用力拉動(dòng)U型框使它以速度垂直NQ邊向右勻速運(yùn)動(dòng),當(dāng)U型框的MP端滑至方框的最右側(cè)(如圖乙所示)時(shí),方框上的bd兩端的電勢(shì)差為多大?此時(shí)方框的熱功率為多大?

      (2)若方框不固定,給U型框垂直NQ邊向右的初速度,如果U型框恰好不能與方框分離,則在這一過(guò)程中兩框架上產(chǎn)生的總熱量為多少?

      (3)若方框不固定,給U型框垂直NQ邊向右的初速度v),U型框最終將與方框分離.如果從U型框和方框不再接觸開始,經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)間t后方框的最右側(cè)和U型框的最左側(cè)之間的距離為s.求兩金屬框分離后的速度各多大.

       

      10(14分)長(zhǎng)為0.51m的木板A,質(zhì)量為1 kg.板上右端有物塊B,質(zhì)量為3kg.它們一起在光滑的水平面上向左勻速運(yùn)動(dòng).速度v0=2m/s.木板與等高的豎直固定板C發(fā)生碰撞,時(shí)間極短,沒(méi)有機(jī)械能的損失.物塊與木板間的動(dòng)摩擦因數(shù)μ=0.5.g取10m/s2.求:

      (1)第一次碰撞后,A、B共同運(yùn)動(dòng)的速度大小和方向.

      (2)第一次碰撞后,A與C之間的最大距離.(結(jié)果保留兩位小數(shù))

      (3)A與固定板碰撞幾次,B可脫離A板.

       

      11

      如圖10是為了檢驗(yàn)?zāi)撤N防護(hù)罩承受沖擊能力的裝置,M為半徑為、固定于豎直平面內(nèi)的光滑圓弧軌道,軌道上端切線水平,N為待檢驗(yàn)的固定曲面,該曲面在豎直面內(nèi)的截面為半徑圓弧,圓弧下端切線水平且圓心恰好位于M軌道的上端點(diǎn),M的下端相切處置放豎直向上的彈簧槍,可發(fā)射速度不同的質(zhì)量的小鋼珠,假設(shè)某次發(fā)射的鋼珠沿軌道恰好能經(jīng)過(guò)M的上端點(diǎn),水平飛出后落到N的某一點(diǎn)上,取,求:

             (1)發(fā)射該鋼珠前,彈簧的彈性勢(shì)能多大?

             (2)鋼珠落到圓弧上時(shí)的速度大小是多少?(結(jié)果保留兩位有效數(shù)字)

       

       

       

       

       

       

      12(10分)

      建筑工地上的黃沙堆成圓錐形,而且不管如何堆其角度是不變的。若測(cè)出其圓錐底的周長(zhǎng)為12.5m,高為1.5m,如圖所示。

      (1)試求黃沙之間的動(dòng)摩擦因數(shù)。

      (2)若將該黃沙靠墻堆放,占用的場(chǎng)地面積至少為多少?

       

       

       

      13(16分)

      如圖17所示,光滑水平地面上停著一輛平板車,其質(zhì)量為2m,長(zhǎng)為L(zhǎng),車右端(A點(diǎn))有一塊靜止的質(zhì)量為m的小金屬塊.金屬塊與車間有摩擦,與中點(diǎn)C為界, AC段與CB段摩擦因數(shù)不同.現(xiàn)給車施加一個(gè)向右的水平恒力,使車向右運(yùn)動(dòng),同時(shí)金屬塊在車上開始滑動(dòng),當(dāng)金屬塊滑到中點(diǎn)C時(shí),即撤去這個(gè)力.已知撤去力的瞬間,金屬塊的速度為v0,車的速度為2v0,最后金屬塊恰停在車的左端(B點(diǎn))。如果金屬塊與車的AC段間的動(dòng)摩擦因數(shù)為,與CB段間的動(dòng)摩擦因數(shù)為,求的比值.

       

       

      14(18分)如圖10所示,空間分布著有理想邊界的勻強(qiáng)電場(chǎng)和勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng),左側(cè)勻強(qiáng)電場(chǎng)的場(chǎng)強(qiáng)大小為E、方向水平向右,其寬度為L(zhǎng);中間區(qū)域勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)的磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度大小為B、方向垂直紙面向外;右側(cè)勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)的磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度大小也為B、方向垂直紙面向里。一個(gè)帶正電的粒子(質(zhì)量m,電量q,不計(jì)重力)從電場(chǎng)左邊緣a點(diǎn)由靜止開始運(yùn)動(dòng),穿過(guò)中間磁場(chǎng)區(qū)域進(jìn)入右側(cè)磁場(chǎng)區(qū)域后,又回到了a點(diǎn),然后重復(fù)上述運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程。(圖中虛線為電場(chǎng)與磁場(chǎng)、相反方向磁場(chǎng)間的分界面,并不表示有什么障礙物)。

      (1)中間磁場(chǎng)區(qū)域的寬度d為多大;

      (2)帶電粒子在兩個(gè)磁場(chǎng)區(qū)域中的運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間之比;

      (3)帶電粒子從a點(diǎn)開始運(yùn)動(dòng)到第一次回到a點(diǎn)時(shí)所用的時(shí)間t.

       

       

       

      15.(20分)如圖10所示,abcd是一個(gè)正方形的盒子,

      在cd邊的中點(diǎn)有一小孔e,盒子中存在著沿ad方向

      的勻強(qiáng)電場(chǎng),場(chǎng)強(qiáng)大小為E。一粒子源不斷地從a處

      的小孔沿ab方向向盒內(nèi)發(fā)射相同的帶電粒子,粒子

      的初速度為v0,經(jīng)電場(chǎng)作用后恰好從e處的小孔射出。

      現(xiàn)撤去電場(chǎng),在盒子中加一方向垂直于紙面的勻強(qiáng)磁

      場(chǎng),磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度大小為B(圖中未畫出),粒子仍恰

      好從e孔射出。(帶電粒子的重力和粒子之間的相互作用力均可忽略)

      (1)所加磁場(chǎng)的方向如何?

      (2)電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度E與磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度B的比值為多大?

       

       

       

       

      16.(8分)

      如圖所示,水平軌道與直徑為d=0.8m的半圓軌道相接,半圓軌道的兩端點(diǎn)A、B連線是一條豎直線,整個(gè)裝置處于方向水平向右,大小為103V/m的勻強(qiáng)電場(chǎng)中,一小球質(zhì)量m=0.5kg,帶有q=5×10-3C電量的正電荷,在電場(chǎng)力作用下由靜止開始運(yùn)動(dòng),不計(jì)一切摩擦,g=10m/s2,

      (1)若它運(yùn)動(dòng)的起點(diǎn)離A為L(zhǎng),它恰能到達(dá)軌道最高點(diǎn)B,求小球在B點(diǎn)的速度和L的值.

      (2)若它運(yùn)動(dòng)起點(diǎn)離A為L(zhǎng)=2.6m,且它運(yùn)動(dòng)到B點(diǎn)時(shí)電場(chǎng)消失,它繼續(xù)運(yùn)動(dòng)直到落地,求落地點(diǎn)與起點(diǎn)的距離.

      17(8分)

      如圖所示,為某一裝置的俯視圖,PQ、MN為豎直放置的很長(zhǎng)的平行金屬板,兩板間有勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng),其大小為B,方向豎直向下.金屬棒AB擱置在兩板上緣,并與兩板垂直良好接觸.現(xiàn)有質(zhì)量為m,帶電量大小為q,其重力不計(jì)的粒子,以初速v0水平射入兩板間,問(wèn):

      (1)金屬棒AB應(yīng)朝什么方向,以多大速度運(yùn)動(dòng),可以使帶電粒子做勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)?

      (2)若金屬棒的運(yùn)動(dòng)突然停止,帶電粒子在磁場(chǎng)中繼續(xù)運(yùn)動(dòng),從這刻開始位移第一次達(dá)到mv0/qB時(shí)的時(shí)間間隔是多少?(磁場(chǎng)足夠大)

       

       

       

      18(12分)如圖所示,氣缸放置在水平平臺(tái)上,活塞質(zhì)量為10kg,橫截面積50cm2,厚度1cm,氣缸全長(zhǎng)21cm,氣缸質(zhì)量20kg,大氣壓強(qiáng)為1×105Pa,當(dāng)溫度為7℃時(shí),活塞封閉的氣柱長(zhǎng)10cm,若將氣缸倒過(guò)來(lái)放置時(shí),活塞下方的空氣能通過(guò)平臺(tái)上的缺口與大氣相通。g取10m/s2求:

      (1)氣柱多長(zhǎng)?

      (2)當(dāng)溫度多高時(shí),活塞剛好接觸平臺(tái)?

      (3)當(dāng)溫度多高時(shí),缸筒剛好對(duì)地面無(wú)壓力。(活塞摩擦不計(jì))。

       

       

      19(14分)如圖所示,物塊A的質(zhì)量為M,物塊B、C的質(zhì)量都是m,并都可看作質(zhì)點(diǎn),且m<M<2m。三物塊用細(xì)線通過(guò)滑輪連接,物塊B與物塊C的距離和物塊C到地面的距離都是L,F(xiàn)將物塊A下方的細(xì)線剪斷,若物塊A距滑輪足夠遠(yuǎn)且不計(jì)一切阻力。求:

      (1)  物塊A上升時(shí)的最大速度;

      (2)  物塊A上升的最大高度。

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

      20.M是氣壓式打包機(jī)的一個(gè)氣缸,在圖示狀態(tài)時(shí),缸內(nèi)壓強(qiáng)為Pl,容積為Vo.N是一個(gè)大活塞,橫截面積為S2,左邊連接有推板,推住一個(gè)包裹.缸的右邊有一個(gè)小活塞,橫截面積為S1,它的連接桿在B處與推桿AO以鉸鏈連接,O為固定轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)軸,B、O間距離為d.推桿推動(dòng)一次,轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)θ角(θ為一很小角),小活塞移動(dòng)的距離為dθ,則 

      (1) 在圖示狀態(tài),包已被壓緊,此時(shí)再推―次桿之后,包受到的壓力為多大?(此過(guò)程中大活塞的位移略去不計(jì),溫度變化不計(jì)) 

      (2) 上述推桿終止時(shí),手的推力為多大? (桿長(zhǎng)AO=L,大氣壓為Po)

       

       

       

      . 21.(12分)如圖,在豎直面內(nèi)有兩平行金屬導(dǎo)軌AB、CD。導(dǎo)軌間距為L,電阻不計(jì)。一根電阻不計(jì)的金屬棒ab可在導(dǎo)軌上無(wú)摩擦地滑動(dòng)。棒與導(dǎo)軌垂直,并接觸良好。導(dǎo)軌之間有垂直紙面向外的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng),磁感強(qiáng)度為B。導(dǎo)軌右邊與電路連接。電路中的三個(gè)定值電阻阻值分別為2R、RR。在BD間接有一水平放置的平行板電容器C,板間距離為d。

         (1)當(dāng)ab以速度v0勻速向左運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),電容器中質(zhì)量為m的帶電微粒恰好靜止。試判斷微粒的帶電性質(zhì),及帶電量的大小。

         (2)ab棒由靜止開始,以恒定的加速度a向左運(yùn)動(dòng)。討論電容器中帶電微粒的加速度如何變化。(設(shè)帶電微粒始終未與極板接觸。)

       

       

       

       

       

       

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