9. 動(dòng)詞

(1)動(dòng)詞的基本形式

(2)系動(dòng)詞

(3)及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞

(4)助動(dòng)詞

(5)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

8. 冠詞

7. 副詞(比較級(jí)和最高級(jí))

6. 形容詞(比較級(jí)和最高級(jí))

5. 連詞

4. 介詞和介詞短語

3. 數(shù)詞

(1)基數(shù)詞

(2)序數(shù)詞

2. 代詞

(1)人稱代詞

(2)物主代詞

(3)反身代詞

(4)指示代詞

(5)不定代詞

(6)疑問代詞

1) 時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)副詞，小單位的在前，大單位在后。

2) 方式副詞，短的在前，長(zhǎng)的在后，并用and或but等連詞連接。

Please write slowly and carefully.

3) 多個(gè)不同副詞排列：程度+地點(diǎn)+方式+時(shí)間副詞。

注意：副詞very 可以修飾形容詞，但不能修飾動(dòng)詞。

改錯(cuò)：(錯(cuò))I very like English.

(對(duì))I like English very much.

注意：副詞enough要放在形容詞的后面，形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可。

I don't know him well enough.

There is enough food for everyone to eat.

There is food enough for everyone to eat.

兼有兩種形式的副詞

1) close與closely

close意思是"近"; closely 意思是"仔細(xì)地"

He is sitting close to me.

Watch him closely.

2)late 與lately

late意思是"晚"; lately 意思是"最近"

You have come too late.

What have you been doing lately?

3)deep與deeply

deep意思是"深"，表示空間深度;deeply時(shí)常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"

He pushed the stick deep into the mud.

Even father was deeply moved by the film.

4)high與highly

high表示空間高度;highly表示程度，相當(dāng)于much

The plane was flying high.

I think highly of your opinion.

5)wide與widely

wide表示空間寬度;widely意思是"廣泛地"，"在許多地方"

He opened the door wide.

English is widely used in the world.

6)free與freely

free的意思是"免費(fèi)";freely 的意思是"無限制地"

You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.

You may speak freely; say what you like.

形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)

大多數(shù)形容詞(性質(zhì)形容詞)和副詞有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化，即原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，用來表示事物的等級(jí)差別。原級(jí)即形容詞的原形，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則

變化兩種。

1) 規(guī)則變化

單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，加詞尾-er，-est來構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。

2) 不規(guī)則變化

as+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as

1)在否定句或疑問句中可用so… as。

He cannot run so/as fast as you.

2)當(dāng)as… as 中間有名詞時(shí)采用以下格式。

as +形容詞+ a +單數(shù)名詞

as + many/much +名詞

This is as good an example as the other is.

I can carry as much paper as you can..

3)用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時(shí)，放在as的前面。

This room is twice as big as that one.

Your room is the same size as mine.

4) 倍數(shù)+ as + adj. + as<=> 倍數(shù)+ then + of

This bridge is three times as long as that one.

This bridge is three times the length of that one.

Your room is twice as large as mine.

Your room is twice the size of mine.

比較級(jí)形容詞或副詞+than

You are taller than I.

They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.

注意：

1)要避免重復(fù)使用比較級(jí)。

(錯(cuò)) He is more cleverer than his brother.

(對(duì)) He is more clever than his brother.

(對(duì)) He is clever than his brother.

2)要避免將主語含在比較對(duì)象中。

(錯(cuò)) China is larger that any country in Asia.

(對(duì)) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.

3)要注意對(duì)應(yīng)句型，遵循前后一致的原則。

The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.

It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.

4)要注意冠詞的使用，后有名詞的時(shí)候，前面才有可能有名詞。

比較：Which is large, Canada or Australia?

Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?

She is taller than her two sisters.

She is the taller of the two sisters.

可修飾比較級(jí)的詞

1)a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等

2)還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。

3)以上詞(除by far)外，必須置于比較級(jí)形容詞或副詞的前面。

典型例題:

1)---- Are you feeling ____?

---- Yes，I'm fine now.

A. any wellB. any betterC. quite good

D. quite better

答案：B. any 可修飾比較級(jí)，quite修飾原級(jí)，well的比較級(jí)為better.

2)The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.

A.moreB.much more C.much

D.more much

答案：C.much可修飾比較級(jí)，因此B，C都說得通，但easier本身已是比較級(jí)，不需more，因此C為正確答案。

3)If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.

A. the happiest timeB. a more happier time

C. much happiest timeD.a much happier time

答案：D。

高中英語語法項(xiàng)目表

說明：

(1)標(biāo)*號(hào)的項(xiàng)目，七級(jí)要求理解，8級(jí)要求掌握。

(2)高中階段的語法教學(xué)，應(yīng)從語言運(yùn)用的角度出發(fā)，把語言的形式、意義和用法有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來。要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在語境中了解和掌握語法的表意功能。

1. 名詞

(1)可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)

(2)不可數(shù)名詞

(3)專有名詞

(4)名詞所有格

1) 在動(dòng)詞之前。

2) 在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后。

3) 多個(gè)助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，副詞一般放在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞后。

注意：

a. 大多數(shù)方式副詞位于句尾，但賓語過長(zhǎng)，副詞可以提前，以使句子平衡。

We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.

b. 方式副詞well，badly糟、壞，hard等只放在句尾。

He speaks English well.