11. 表示態(tài)度、語氣的評注性狀語歸類:
generally speaking 一般說來
strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格說來
honestly speaking 誠實地說來
personally speaking 就我個人而言
exactly speaking 準(zhǔn)確地說來
to tell you the truth 說實話
to be honest 老實說
believe it or not 信不信由你
judging from his appearance 從他的相貌來說
上述用法系固定搭配,動詞形式不因句子結(jié)構(gòu)而變
化,使用時應(yīng)特別注意。如:
Personally speaking, he is fit for the work.
我個人認(rèn)為他勝任這項工作。
To be honest, I don't appreciate the style.
坦率講,我不喜歡這種風(fēng)格。
Believe it or not, she'll no long be here.
信不信由你,她不會再來這里了。
[牛刀小試1]
用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空:
(wound, stop, lack, manage, free, prevent, since, re-
member, persuade)
3. via
1) prep. by way of (sth.); through 經(jīng)由,途經(jīng)
to travel from Beijing to Shanghai via Tianjin
由北京經(jīng)由天津去上海
go from London to Washington via New York
2) by means of 通過;憑借
I sent a message to Mary via her brother.
我托瑪麗的兄弟把信帶給她。
[考點4]wound 的用法
▲ 構(gòu)詞:wounded adj. 受傷的
▲搭配:receive a wound = be wounded 受傷
▲辨析:damage;destroy;harm;hurt;injure;ruin;
spoil;wound
這幾個詞都有“傷害”的意思。damage指傷害人或物而
使之失去價值、功能或正常的外觀。該詞也可作名詞,
多用于自然災(zāi)害中的損害,相當(dāng)于harm。destroy指具
體的或抽象的事物受到徹底損壞而很難恢復(fù),故常用
來指“破壞、毀壞、摧毀”。harm常用于口語,一般只作
及物動詞,表示對……有害/損害,特指傷及一個人或
其心情、健康、權(quán)利、事業(yè)等,并使之產(chǎn)生痛苦、損失或
某種不幸遭遇。其名詞為harm,只能作不可數(shù)名詞,意
為“損害、傷害”。hurt一般用語,既可以指肉體上的,
也可以指精神上的,還可表示在事故中受傷。其名詞
為hurt,尤指精神上或感情上的傷害,肉體上的傷痛。
injure主要指在事故中受傷。其名詞是injury,平時的
大小創(chuàng)傷或傷害,還可指事故中的傷害。rum多用于
借喻中,有時泛指一般的“弄壞了”。spoil“損害,損壞,
破壞”,指原來的質(zhì)量、結(jié)構(gòu)、安排、打算等遭到損害、破
壞,而使某物無用或不能令人滿意。wound常指在戰(zhàn)
爭、暴力或災(zāi)害中受傷,也可指精神上的創(chuàng)傷。其名詞
是wound,指戰(zhàn)斗中刀或槍的創(chuàng)傷、傷口。例如:
His wife had an accident and damaged her bike. 他的妻
子遇到了意外事故,把自行車弄壞了。
The heavy storms destroyed a good part of our crops.
幾場暴雨把大部分莊稼都?xì)牧恕?/p>
He didn't mean to harm you. 他不是故意傷害你的。
I didn't mean to hurt your feelings. 我本沒想要傷害你
的感情。
There were tWO people injured in the car accident. 有兩
個人在車禍中受了傷。
He ruined himself by gambling. 他因賭博毀了自己。
Our holidays were spoilt by bad weather. 我們假日的樂
趣被惡劣天氣破壞了。
The enemy fired and wounded some of our soldiers. 敵
人開槍傷了我們的戰(zhàn)士。
[考例4](2001上海) A bullet hit the soldier and he was
wounded in ____ leg.
A. a B. one C. the D. his
[考查目標(biāo)]考查固定搭配。
[答案與解析]C 本題考查動詞wound sb. + 介詞 in +
the+身體的某一部位的固定搭配。
16. response 回答;答復(fù);反應(yīng)
I've had no response to my letter.
我還沒有回信。
His appeal met with no (little) response.
他的呼吁沒有得到任何反應(yīng)。
in response to [介] 回答……;回應(yīng)
[考點7]since 的用法
▲ 搭配:ever since自從那時起一直到現(xiàn)在;since then
從那時起,常與完成時連用;比較:from then on從那時
起.常與一般過去時連用;after that從那以后,表示過
去某一事件后。但并不延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,常與一般過去時連
用。
After that he didn't say anything to other people. 從那
以后,他和其他人什么也沒說過。
[考例7](2004上海) The first use of atomic weapons
was in 1 945,and their power ____ increased enor-
mously ever since.
A. is B. was
C. has been D. had been
[考查目標(biāo)] 考查時態(tài)在具體語境中的用法。
[答案與解析]C ever since暗示應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時
態(tài),強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響和產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。
[考點6]stop的用法
▲ 搭配:
① put a stop to 制止
② come to a (sudden,complete) stop (突然) 停了
③ bring sth to a stop 使……停止,使……終止
▲ 句型:
① sb / sth stop
② sb stop sb / sth
③ sb stop to do sth = sb stop and do sth 停止某事而去
做另一件事
④ stop doing sth停止做原來的某事
⑤ sb / sth stop sb / sth (from) doing sth / being done
阻止某人做某事/阻止某事被做
▲辨析1:avoid;prevent;stop
三詞均意為“避免”,但avoid意為“避開,避免”,指避開
人為的或自然產(chǎn)生的情況或結(jié)果。其后可接名詞或動
詞。prevent意為“阻止,避免”,多指使用預(yù)防性或阻止
性的措施來反對、阻止某事。其后可接名詞、代詞、動
名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。常用的句型為:prevent...from。stop
意為“阻止,避免”,與prevent相近,常用的句型為:stop
...(from),在被動句中from不能省略。例如:
I crossed the street to avoid meeting my father. 我穿過
馬路以免遇到爸爸。
These rules are intended to prevent accidents. 這些規(guī)章
旨在防止事故發(fā)生。
Her parents are trying to stop me seeing her. 她父母企
圖阻止我見她。
▲辨析2:pause;stop
兩詞均意為“停止”,但pause表示“停頓”的意思,指暫
時停止。stop表示“停止。阻止”的意思,應(yīng)用比較廣
泛。多用于口語中,其后面跟動名詞或動詞不定式,所
表達(dá)的意思完全相反(見上)。
[考例6](MET 1990)She reached the top 0f the hill
and stopped ____ on a big rock by the side of the
path.
A. to have rested B. resting
C. to rest D. rest
[考查目標(biāo)] 考查 stop 的用法。
[答案與解析]C stop to do 表示“停下來做另外一件
事情”;stopdoing sth 則表示“停止做原來的事情”。從
上下文看應(yīng)該選用to do sth。
10. recover 恢復(fù),病愈
(1) 通常作不及物動詞用,名詞為recovery。
Her father has fully recovered.
她父親已完全康復(fù)。
(2) 常與from連用,如:
He has just recovered from severe illness.
他大病初愈。
The city is recovering from the effects of the
earthquake.
這座城市正在從地震中恢復(fù)正常。
[考點9]remember 的用法
▲ 搭配:
① be remembered as 作為……而被銘記
② be remembered for... 因為……而被別人記住
▲ 句型:
① remember sth / that clause
② remember to do sth (=don't forget to do sth) 記住要
做某事
③ remember doing sth (have done sth arid remember the
action) 記得曾做過某事
④ remember + wh-clause
⑤ remember me to sb 代我向某人問好
▲辨析:memorize;recall;remember
三詞均與“記憶”有關(guān).但memorize意為“記憶。默記”.
指有意識地用心去記。remember意為“記得,想起”,指
回憶或想起某事,表示沒有刻意費心去想,有時也表示
有意識地把某事記在心上。recall意為“追憶,回想”,
指有意或努力追憶已忘記的事。例如:
She finally memorized the poem. 她終于記住了那首詩。
I can't recall the exact details of the report. 我記不起報
告的確切細(xì)節(jié)。
I shall always remember my first day in college. 我將永
遠(yuǎn)記住我上大學(xué)的第一天。
[考例9](1999上海)
-- Let me tell you something about the journalists.
-- Don't you remember ____ me the story yester-
day?
A. told B. telling
C. to tell D. to have told
[考查目標(biāo)] remember 在非謂語動詞中的用法。
[答案與解析]B remember to do sth 表示“記得要做某
事”;而rememberdoing表示“記得做過某事”。從上下
文看應(yīng)該是后者。
15. recommend vt.
推薦,介紹;勸告,建議;使可接受;使受歡迎;使成為
可。煌(付);交付
He recommended to try a new medicine.
他建議試服一種新藥。
The woman manager recommended her child to her
colleague.
那位女經(jīng)理把她的孩子托給同事照管。
Your plan has very little t0 recommend it.
你的計劃幾乎毫無可取之處。
The dying man recommended his soul to God.
這垂危病人把靈魂交付上帝。
4. persuade vt.
cause sb. to do sth. by arguing or reasoning with him
說服,勸服;使相信
persuade sb. into / out of sth. 說服,勸服某人做某事
persuade sb. to do sth.
persuade sb. that... 后接賓語從句
Who persuaded you to join this society?
誰說服你參加這個團(tuán)體?
I am almost persuaded of his honesty.
我?guī)缀跸嘈潘钦\實的。
[考點l]persuade的用法
▲ 句型:
① persuade sb (not) to do sth說服某人(不要)干某事
② persuade sb into / out of doing sth (= advise sb not to
do sth)說服某人(不要)干某事
③ persuade sb that... 使人信服……
[考例l](2001上海)Alice trusts you: only you can
____ her to give up the foolish idea.
A. suggest B. attract
C. tempt D. persuade
[考查目標(biāo)] 考查動詞之間的辨析與實際運用。
[答案與解析]D suggest 不能接 sb. do sth;句子的意
思為:Alice 相信你,只是因為你能說服她放棄愚蠢的
想法。
[考點3]prevent 的用法
▲ 搭配:prevent...from...妨礙;阻礙;防止;預(yù)防
▲ 句型:
① prevent sth 阻止……,預(yù)防……
② prevent sb's doing sth
③ prevent sb / sth (from) doing sth = stop sb / sth
(from)doing sth = keep sb / sth from doing sth 阻
止/防止某人干……
▲ 注意:在prevent sb / sth from doing sth和stop sb /
sth from doing sth中,from在主動句中可省略,在被動
句中不能省略;keep sb / sth from doing sth 中 from 的
不可省略。
▲ 辨析:prevent; protect
兩詞意義相近,但用法和意思略有差別。protect常用
于protect sb / sth from / against sth 結(jié)構(gòu)中,from或
against 后常接名詞.不接動詞-ing形式。而prevent常
用于prevent sb / sth from doing sth 結(jié)構(gòu)中,而且只能
與from連用,不能與against搭配.from后常接動詞一
ing形式,也可接名詞。例如:
My parents are trying to prevent me from going abroad.
我父母極力阻止我出國。
His advice prevented me from making a serious mis-
take. 他的忠告使我免于犯下嚴(yán)重的錯誤。
He raised his arm to protect his face from the blow. 他
伸出胳臂護(hù)住臉部免受被拳擊打。
[考例3] No one can prevent the plans ____ out.
A. to be carried B. from being carried
C. not to carry D. from carrying
[考查目標(biāo)] 考查 prevent 短語的搭配與語態(tài)的用法。
[答案與解析]B prevent sb. / sth tom doing sth 結(jié)合
上下文,the plans應(yīng)該“被實施”。故動名詞用被動形
式。
6. lack 缺乏,不足
(1) 名詞用法
She has no lack of supporters.
她不缺支持者。(有很多支持者)
The draught was caused by a lack of rain.
這場旱災(zāi)是雨水不足造成的。
[注意] lack作可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,lack前面常與for
搭配,表示“缺乏”的原因,此時常用作不可數(shù)名詞,
如:
We now can't discuss the plan for lack of time.
因時間所限我們現(xiàn)在不能討論這個計劃。
(2) 動詞用法
lack 可作及物或不及物動詞用,作不及物動詞時與
for 搭配表示原因,與in搭配表示“在……方面缺
乏”。
The young completely lacks experience.
這個年輕人完全缺乏經(jīng)驗。
They lack for money at present.
目前他們?nèi)狈Y金。
He is lacking in responsibility.
他缺乏責(zé)任心。
[考點2]lack的用法
▲ 搭配:
① for lack of 因缺少
② lack in 缺少
▲ 句型:
① There is a lack of sth 缺少……
② There is no lack of sth = have no lack of sth 不缺
[考例2](2002上海)Though ____ money, his par-
ents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of
C. lacking D. lacked in
[考查目標(biāo)] 考查省略句。
[答案與解析]C 當(dāng)從句的主語和主句的主語相同時.
或從句的謂語是be動詞時,可以省略主語和be動詞,
本句補全應(yīng)該為:Though (they were) lacking...
[考點5]manage 的用法
▲ 構(gòu)詞:
① manager n. 經(jīng)理
② management n. 經(jīng)營,管理
▲句型:
① manage to do sth 設(shè)法做成某事
② I can manage it myself. 我自己能應(yīng)付/對付過去。
▲辨析:attempt;manage;succeed;try;seek
該組詞均含“設(shè)法”之意。try表示盡力、設(shè)法、試圖去
做某事,但未必一定成功,所做之事不一定有困難;try
還可作名詞,have a try = try = have a go 試一次;
have another try = try again再試一次;want a go 想試
一次。attempt 是try 的更正式的說法,試圖做某事,有
時可以表示“企圖”的意思。manage表示設(shè)法(得以)完
成(某件困難之事),還可作及物動詞,意為“經(jīng)營,管
理”;不及物動詞,意為“能辦到”,常用于口語I can
manage (it) myself. 我自己能行。succeed 去做所希望
的事并成功地干了該事,常見結(jié)構(gòu)是succeed in(do-
ing) sth。seek意為“試圖、企圖干某事”。例如:
The boys attempted to leave for camping but were
stopped by their parents. 男孩子們想去野營但被他們
的父母攔住了。
She succeeded in taking a first-class degree in physics
tWO years after arriving in Paris. 到巴黎之后,她取得了
一級物理學(xué)位。
He tried to do the operation with very little help, but
didn't succeed. 他試圖在沒有幫助的情況下做這個手
術(shù),但沒有成功。
[考例5]He ____ the operation with very little
help.
A. succeeded to do B. attempted to
C. managed to do D. managed doing
[考查目標(biāo)] 考查同義詞的辨析。
[答案與解析]C succeed in doing sth,而 manage to
do sth; attempt 為vt. 后面直接接賓語,而不要接介詞。
1. infect
1) 使某人/某物傳染,感染
- sb. / sth. (with sth.);cause sb. / sth. to have a
disease
The laboratory animals had been infected with the
bacteria.
試驗室里的動物都受到這種細(xì)菌的感染。
Police have sealed off infected areas of the country.
警方已將全國各感染區(qū)封鎖了。
One of the boys in the class had a fever and he soon
infected other children.
班上的一個孩子發(fā)燒了,不久他就傳染上了其他孩
子。
2) 使受影響,使受感染
fill (sb.'s mind or spirit) with happy and positive ideas
or feelings
Her cheerful spirits and bubbling laughter infected the
whole class.
她那快樂的情緒和爽朗的笑聲感染了全班。
2. false a. 假的,錯的,不實的
The report is false. 這份報告不真實。
He is false of heart. 他不忠實。
常見結(jié)構(gòu) be false to 意為“違背,不忠,欺騙”。
He is false to his country. 他背叛祖國。
She is a girl false to her promise / word.
她是一個不守諾言的女孩子。
[考點8]free 的用法
▲ 構(gòu)詞:
① freedom n. [U]自由
② freely adv. 自由地
▲ 搭配:
① for free 免費(作表語、狀語)
② set...free 釋放……;使……自由
③ free of charge 免費(作表語、狀語)
④ be free from 免于……;不受……;無……的;免去
……的
⑤ have a free talk(with sb)(about sth) 和(某人)就某
事進(jìn)行自由交談
⑥ enjoy free medical care 享受公費醫(yī)療
⑦ enjoy freedom of speech 享受言論自由
⑧ fight for freedom 為自由而戰(zhàn)
▲句型:
① sb be free = sb have free time 有空
② sb be / feel free to do sth 隨便干……,隨心所欲地干
……。無拘無束地干……
③ free + sb / sth 使……自由
▲ 友情提示:“免費”的其他表示法:
① for nothing (作狀語);without payment (作狀語);
free(作表語、定語)
② at one's own expense / charge 自費(作狀語)
③ at public expense 公費
④ (enjoy)public health services = (enjoy) free medical
service / care (享受)公費醫(yī)療
[考例8]The prisoner was ____.
A. set freely B. enjoyed free
C. get freedom D. set free
[考查目標(biāo)]考查free,freely,freedom等詞的運用。
[答案與解析]D set sb free為一個固定短語,表示“釋
放某人”。
5. discourage
使泄氣;使失去信心、希望或精神(做某事)
1) - sb. (from doing sth.)
阻攔某人不要做某事
His parents discouraged him from joining the air force.
他的父母勸他不要參加空軍。
2) try to stop (sth.)
試圖阻止;阻攔;勸阻
The school teachers discourage smoking.
學(xué)校老師不贊成吸煙。
3) be discouraged, get discouraged / discouraged adj.
If you meet with any difficulty in your study, don't be
discouraged.
如果你學(xué)習(xí)中遇到什么困難,不要灰心。
discouraging adj.
a discouraging result, reply 使人泄氣的結(jié)果、回答
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